The purpose of the socio-economic development of the municipality. Socio-economic development of local self-government in the transition period. ? legally guarantee the procedure for the transfer of state property to municipalities

Conditions and factors of social economic development municipal

education

A municipal entity, as a complex socio-economic system, must simultaneously have both resistance to adverse external influences and a focus on favorable changes.

Management of the state of the municipality allows you to maintain at the achieved level all the systems of its life support, the volume and quality of municipal services. Development management is aimed at raising this level based on the general goal of municipal activities: improving the quality of life of the population.

State management and development management are two interrelated aspects of municipal management. Ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of a municipality includes a number of interrelated and consistently solved tasks

In countries with developed market economies, strategic planning has long been an effective tool state regulation economic and social development.

The socio-economic development of the USSR was based on state plans, an integral part of which were plans for the development of macro-regions (large economic regions), branches of the national economy, etc.

With Russia's transition to a market economy and a variety of forms of ownership, the former system of general directive planning of the country's socio-economic development and separate territories was destroyed. In the early 90s, the thesis was put forward about the incompatibility of the market and the plan. However, it soon became clear that what was needed was not the abolition of all planning, but only a transition from the previous methods of directive planning to forecasting and indicative planning (In the modern economic dictionary, the phrase "indicative planning" does not mean directive, orienting planning at the state level.

Indicative planning is a kind of state regulation, which is in the nature of a forecast and is a program that orients and mobilizes links economic system for these programs.)

The management of the socio-economic development of Russia is regulated by the Federal Law "On State Forecasting and Programs of Socio-Economic Development Russian Federation". It contains provisions on the need to carry out forecasting and analytical work at the federal and regional levels, the formation of development concepts and programs that are used by legislative and executive authorities when making specific decisions in the field of socio-economic policy.

It is necessary to ensure the interconnection and interdependence of the development of the country, individual regions and municipalities. The interrelation of the tasks of the regional and municipal development because It is here that the main processes of socio-economic development take place.

The mechanism for implementing the tasks of the socio-economic development of the entire country and individual territories are targeted programs. There are many types of targeted programs.

According to their status target programs are divided into federal, interregional, regional and municipal.

By purpose, they distinguish between complex targeted programs that ensure the socio-economic development of a country, region or municipality, and problematic targeted programs that provide a solution to one specific problem. Problematic programs prevail among municipal programs.

In terms of implementation, there are short-term (1 year), medium-term (3 - 5 years) and long-term (10 - 15 years or more) targeted programs.

According to the direction of the problems to be solved, social, environmental, economic, scientific and technical and other targeted programs are distinguished.

According to the implementation mechanism, there are custom-made target programs with predetermined performers and competitive ones, when the performers are selected by the commission after the approval of the program and the amount of its funding.

Municipal formations on whose territory the activities of federal and regional targeted programs are implemented may receive appropriate investments from the federal and regional budgets.

The basic document for the development of programs for the socio-economic development of municipalities is the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the Basic Provisions regional policy in the Russian Federation" (1996). This document states that the main task of the authorities local government in the field of socio-economic development is to provide a comprehensive solution to the issues of servicing the population and thereby achieve political and social

stability in the region through mutually agreed actions of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments.

A special role in the socio-economic development of the state and regions is played by the stimulation of the development of cities that have a large economic, scientific and technical potential and can become "locomotives" and "growth points" of the economy of the corresponding subjects of the Russian Federation.

Analysis, forecasting and planning socio-economic development of the municipality

Analysis of the socio-economic situation of the municipality is a necessary prerequisite for the adoption of various management decisions by local governments, including in the field of integrated socio-economic development of the territory. It is carried out by comparing the actual indicators of the analyzed period with the planned ones and with the actual indicators for previous years.

The purpose of this analysis is to establish the causes and factors of the deviation of actual indicators from the planned ones and from those of previous years, to identify positive trends that need to be developed, and negative ones that need to be resisted,

In order to develop development plans and programs, an analysis of the socio-economic situation of the municipality is usually carried out over the previous three-year period in several areas

Upon completion of the analysis, it is possible to compare individual indicators with indicators of neighboring municipalities that are similar in specialization and type of economy. Then, an assessment is made of the previously taken measures to improve the socio-economic situation of the municipality.

The analysis of indicators for each area of ​​municipal activity is carried out by the relevant sectoral divisions of local administrations

The main input data for the analysis of the socio-economic situation

municipality are data received from state authorities

statistics and other public authorities (tax, territorial authorities

Federal Treasury, etc.)

The analysis of the socio-economic situation of the municipality ends with the formulation of the main problems that need to be addressed. Identification of the main problems creates an objective basis for the systematic construction of the structure of goals and objectives of integrated socio-economic development.

The Budget Code of the Russian Federation of 2004 provides for a mandatory

development of a long-term financial plan for the development of the municipality for

three-year (medium-term) period. This plan is developed based on the forecast

socio-economic development of the territory for the same period. At the same time, the forecast for the first year serves as the basis for developing the budget, and the next two years are the planning period during which the real results of the declared economic policy are tracked.

local authorities. This forecast is adjusted annually with a shift

planning period for the year ahead.

The development of a comprehensive socio-economic development forecast is carried out according to the same groups of indicators that were used in the analysis of the socio-economic situation. (see table) In the forecast, it is important to formulate the main goals and objectives of the municipality for the planned period and ways to achieve them. Further, they are concretized by directions (target programs).

Current planning and forecasting in the municipality

carried out for the next year with a breakdown by quarters and (as already noted) with

forecast for the next 2 years. This approach allows you to plan and implement

program activities, the implementation period of which exceeds 1 year. An essential element of the annual plan are the municipal target

programs to solve individual development tasks, which should also be linked to

projected volumes of budget appropriations. And this requires careful

analysis and selection of applications. Comprehensive annual plan for socio-economic development

territories together with the forecast for the next 2 years and targeted programs

submitted by the head of administration for consideration by the representative body

municipal formation simultaneously with the draft budget for the next

financial year and financial plan for the next 2 years. These documents must

approved jointly.

Strategic plans and municipal target programs.

Strategic planning involves taking into account the influence of the external environment on the present and the future

the state of the municipality, its strengths and weaknesses (disadvantages and advantages) and active use this information to determine the development strategy.

Underestimation of strategic factors can lead to serious consequences for the municipality, especially if a restructuring of the economy of the territory is required. The need for it may arise, for example, in connection with the depletion of mineral reserves, a decrease in the demand for the products of a city-forming enterprise, the loss of competitiveness of its products as a result of aging technology and equipment, a reduction in government orders, etc. The consequence of this is mass unemployment in the municipality, a decrease in the living standards of the population, and an increase in social tension. Therefore one

One of the most important tasks of strategic planning is anticipating future changes and making the necessary proactive decisions in a timely manner. The main documents in the field of integrated socio-economic development of the municipality are the concept and the integrated program (strategic plan) of socio-economic development developed on its basis. One summary document can also be developed. Depending on the objectives of the concept and strategic plans are medium-term (3 - 5 years) and long-term (up to 10 - 15 years).

The structure of this concept is determined by the system of goals and objectives of the social

economic development of the municipality set out in section 7.1, and

may include the following sections

Organizational and preparatory stage includes: development and approval of the structure of the document; preparation of the necessary methodological materials; determination of the composition of performers and distribution of responsibilities for the development of a draft concept, the formation of an appropriate working group; conducting employee training (if necessary); formation of the information base necessary for the development of the concept; selection monetary resources to involve specialists in the development and examination of project materials; drawing up a schedule for the development of the concept, which should contain all the stages of its formation, the composition of the group and leaders.

Stage the formation and analysis of the information base includes the collection, systematization and analysis of data that make up the information base for the formation of the concept (statistical data; proposals from the population; forecast and program documents for the development of the Municipality of Education; the availability of approved and scheduled for implementation projects affecting the interests of the city, and so on.)

Stage development of a draft concept involves the actual formation of a draft concept in accordance with the adopted structure based on the existing base, taking into account the identified priorities

Stage expertise ensures high quality and scientific validity of the concept. The main tasks of the examination. As a rule, legal, economic, environmental and social

examination of the concept, as well as its public discussion (public examination).

Stage coordination and approval of the concept. At this stage, the draft concept is finalized based on the results of the examination and public discussion, the decisions made are linked with the possible volumes of financial and other resources, the concept is coordinated with public authorities subject of the Russian Federation,

environmental authorities, in some cases - with interested ministries and federal agencies and approval of the concept by the representative body of the municipality.

Municipal target program is a complex of socio-economic, organizational, economic and other measures linked by resources, performers and deadlines that ensure effective solution economic, environmental, social and other problems of development of municipal

formations.

Municipal target programs can be current and prospective and are constituent parts relevant plans. Expenses for the implementation of target programs form the budget for the development of the municipality. The municipal target program in the general case should include the following

Description of the problem that the target program is aimed at solving;

Socio-economic situation and the main directions of development of the municipality, justifying the need for the implementation of this program;

Goals, objectives, terms and stages of the program implementation, as well as target indicators and indicators characterizing the achievement of its results;

System of program events;

Program implementation mechanism;

Resource support of the program;

Evaluation of the socio-economic and environmental effectiveness of the program;

Organization of program management and control of its implementation.

The municipal target program must have a passport drawn up in a special form. Its most important component is the system of target indicators and indicators that characterize its effectiveness. This requirement is related to the need to improve performance budget spending.

Problematic municipal target programs are developed according to different

directions:

Creation of a favorable investment and business climate;

Regulatory and legal transformations;

Formation of a favorable social climate for activities and healthy lifestyle life of the population;

Improvement of the environment and prevention of emergencies;

Promoting industrial reform;

Development of transport infrastructure, communications and ensuring the uninterrupted operation of housing and communal services;

Development of interregional and international relations of the municipality, etc.

The most important component of the program implementation mechanism is the identification of possible sources and ways of financing activities. When implementing municipal target programs, the following can be used:

Funds from the federal and regional budgets;

Local budget funds;

Own sources financing of the project applicant (retained earnings, depreciation deductions, share capital, work performed on its own within the framework of the project, etc.);

Facilities Russian Bank development, Russian and foreign credit institutions attracted under the guarantees of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as under the guarantees of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation and the local budget;

Other extrabudgetary sources of funding.

Attracting investments in the socio-economic development of the municipality.

Implementation of plans for the socio-economic development of municipal

formations, as well as individual targeted programs require investment.

Municipal authorities are interested in attracting investments to their territory.

In addition to solving specific problems of each investment project, investments

provide employment for the population and replenish the local budget. Activity

local self-government bodies to attract and most effectively

use of funds invested in the territory of the municipality,

is the essence of municipal investment policy.

Investments are understood as cash, securities, other property

and rights having a monetary value and invested for profit or

other beneficial effect. Investment activity means investment

funds (investment) and practical actions for their use.

Legislative base investment activity in the Russian Federation are Federal

laws "On the budget for the development of the Russian Federation", "On investment activity

in the Russian Federation, carried out in the form capital investments", "About

foreign investment In Russian federation".

There are two types of investments - in the form of capital investments, providing

reproduction of fixed assets, and portfolio (purchase valuable papers),

providing reproduction financial resources. For municipalities

the main role is played by capital investments - the cost of New construction,

expansion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing facilities,

purchase of equipment, etc.

The investment potential of the territory consists of a number of factors

Subjective conditions and prerequisites for attracting investments to the territory

municipal formation are connected with the regulatory activities of local authorities

self-government. the role of local governments is reduced

to create favorable conditions for investment activity. This implies:

Study of the investment potential of the territory of the municipal

education and presentation of its results to potential investors, or marketing

territory

Selection land plots for construction, enabling

connections to engineering and transport communications, and for housing

construction - provision of infrastructurally prepared sites;

Examination and approval of design documentation for construction from the point of

view of the interests of the local community;

Establishment of benefits for payment local taxes, preferential terms use

land and other natural resources located in the municipal

property;

Protecting the interests of investors;

Expansion of the use of funds from the population and other extrabudgetary sources

to finance housing and socio-cultural construction

The socio-economic development of the municipality is referred by federal and republican legislation as a matter of local importance to the subjects of local self-government.

The structure of social needs, and hence social programs, includes a range of issues related to the well-being of people, their working and living conditions, the state of the environment, the organization of healthcare, etc. The interrelation and interaction of the social and economic spheres are obvious, and their development can be planned and implemented only on the basis of an integrated approach.

The socio-economic development of a municipality should be understood as the balance of economic and social factors in the functioning of local self-government, the proportionality of the development of material production and social infrastructure, the improvement of relations with other territories, local communities and business entities, as well as interaction with all levels of government.

The subjects of jurisdiction of municipalities are the subjects of jurisdiction and powers assigned to municipalities by the Constitution, the legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Karelia, the Charters of municipalities and regulations of local governments, as well as the powers of the authorities of the republic, transferred by law to the jurisdiction of municipalities.

An analysis of legislative acts on local self-government issues allows us to conclude that the execution of the following powers and functional types of expenses are financed exclusively from local budgets:

• maintenance of local self-government bodies;
• formation municipal property and its management;
• organization, maintenance and development of enterprises, institutions and organizations of education, health care, culture, physical culture and sports, mass media, other institutions and organizations that are municipally owned or run by local governments;
• maintenance of municipal public order bodies;
• organization, maintenance and development of municipal housing and communal services;
• improvement and gardening of territories of municipal formations;
• organization of disposal and processing of household waste (except for radioactive);
• maintenance of burial places under the jurisdiction of municipal authorities;
• organization of transport services for the population and institutions that are municipally owned or run by local governments;
• ensuring fire safety;
• environmental protection in the territories of municipalities;
• implementation of targeted programs adopted by local governments;
• service and repayment of municipal debt;
• targeted subsidies to the population;
• maintenance of municipal archives;
• holding municipal elections and local referendums;
• financing the implementation of other decisions of local governments and other expenses related to issues of local importance, determined by the representative bodies of local government in accordance with budget classification Russian Federation.

As you can see, the scope of jurisdiction of local governments is wide and complex, and the implementation of the powers of local government requires an integrated approach. Therefore, the development and implementation of socio-economic development programs has become one of the main functions of local governments.

This work is complicated by the fact that today municipalities do not have a scientifically based concept of their development, a scientific and methodological tool for management and trained personnel. All this leads to the chaos of social and economic processes, irrational spending budget funds, low efficiency of management.

Another problem is the lack of professional managers and periodicity in the management of the development of the municipality. The determining factors of the frequency of the management process are:

• the temporary period of powers of local governments;
• organization of interbudgetary relations during the calendar year;
• local cultural-historical, national features.

Of course, despite all the difficulties, the responsibility for the development of local self-government remains with local self-government bodies, and they are obliged to carry out certain managerial functions in the course of the adoption and implementation of socio-economic development programs.

Local self-government bodies, when developing a development program, interact with state authorities of the republic, since they:

• form regional legislation on local self-government;
• develop social standards, financial norms and regulations;
• make a forecast for the development of the republic in the context of territories, taking into account the direction of funds from the republican budget on the basis of forecasts for the socio-economic development of municipalities;
• determine the strategic priorities for the economic development of the republic in the medium and long term;
• develop guidelines on planning in the territories of municipalities (Decree of the Government of the Republic of Karelia dated April 17, 2006 No. 44-P "On the Procedure for the Development and Implementation of Budget Target Programs of the Republic of Karelia").

In order to ensure a unified approach of local and republican authorities to issues of economic and social development, the development of programs for the economic and social development of municipalities, with the involvement of scientists, specialists and associations of municipalities of the Republic of Karelia, the main methodological recommendations for developing programs were developed, and seminars were held for Heads of municipalities and specialists directly involved in the development of programs for the economic and social development of municipalities of the republic.

In accordance with the developed methodology, it is advisable to divide the process of developing programs into periods.

The development program development period is:

• collection and processing of information in the main areas;
• development of strategic directions and criteria for the effectiveness of the development of the municipality;
• assessment of development potential and resource;
• development of the concept of integrated socio-economic development of the municipality;
• development and adoption of a program for the integrated socio-economic development of the municipality.

The development program implementation period includes:

• implementation of the program of social and economic development;
• monitoring the implementation of the socio-economic development program;
• development of proposals for adjusting the budget, programs for the socio-economic development of the municipality;
• search for additional sources for investment, attraction and development of investment resources.

A feature of the process of developing and implementing a program for the socio-economic development of a municipality is that during the periods of formation and adjustment of plans, they must necessarily be consistent with some characteristic time periods of the life of the municipality, namely with the development and adoption of the budget, the terms of office of local governments, as well as with plans for the development of the republic.

Consider the stages of development and adoption of programs.

Collection and processing of information.

The process of collecting information intended for further processing and use must meet the following requirements:

• information must be collected purposefully and continuously;
• sources of information must be reliable;
• information should be operational, taking into account changes in external factors.

The main task of the stage of collecting and processing information is to create such a database that would make it possible to identify the positions and level of development of the local community as clearly as possible, to determine its starting opportunities.

Development of strategic decisions and criteria for the effectiveness of the development of the municipality.

"Without a strategy, there can be no purposeful movement forward. Without it, only "patching holes" is possible, which is happening everywhere in Russia today at the national and local levels of government" (V.A. Zozulyuk, L.M. Mogilevsky. Municipal community: strategy and anti-crisis development technologies./Municipal world.-1998.-No. 1.-p.14.)

The target setting of strategic development planning is the formation of a common vision and plans for the future for the municipality. This guiding thread should lead to joint action as many political, economic, social, cultural and public groups as possible, as well as to the formation of a distinctive profile of the municipality.

To achieve the intended goals, it is necessary that all these groups be involved in the program development process. Thus, the final vision should be common, the given goal of the development of the municipality should be worked out jointly, since it will be implemented jointly by all participants.

The task of local self-government bodies is to organize and manage this process, which must be completed by the adoption of an appropriate decision by the representative body.

When developing the program, in no case should the development of the program be transferred exclusively to the administration.

We propose the following sequence of steps in the development of an economic and social development program:

1. Identification and drawing up a balance of strengths and weaknesses.

This step is analysis; in the course of which already available data, statistical and other information is used, analytical materials, data from a reputation study conducted among entrepreneurs and residents, as well as expert assessments are taken into account. Through the survey and analysis activities, a clear picture emerges of the municipality's potentials and gaps.

2. Formation of a common vision for the future, those. the final goals of the development of the municipality and general guidelines for behavior.

The task of carrying out the above stages of work is entrusted to the established working group, which should include representatives of local governments and major social groups, and the work of this group should be managed by the local administration.

The result of the work of the working group should be formulated, depending on the topic, strong and weak sides related to the topic of the future and long-term goals in the form of a description of the "how it should be", as well as proposals for specific and real activities that seem most suitable for realizing these goals.

3. At the organizational stage the group should discuss and adjust the results of its activities, depending on the circumstances once again agree on the proposed activities with interested groups, and as a result, prepare and submit a draft development program.

4. The project is subject to publication and public discussion, incoming criticisms and initiatives should be taken into account, followed by discussion and approval of the revised draft program in the representative body.

5. Escort and control, as well as partial adaptation of the development program to changing external conditions is carried out by the administration, the representative body of the municipality and the working group.

The structure of the economic development program.

First of all, it is necessary to make a fundamental decision which thematic sections should be included in the program. Should the topic be narrowed down and concentrated exclusively on economic issues, or should the entire spectrum of the scope of the municipality be involved. At the same time, one should think about the gradual progress that begins with economic development and is supplemented step by step with additional aspects. The structure proposal refers to an approach that covers a wide range of areas of activity and should be adapted according to the specifics:

1. Development goals.

2. Description of the development process.

3. Strengths and weaknesses of the municipality.

4. Perspective vision of the development of the municipality.

5. Potential and gaps, vision and proposals for activities:

• economic development and job creation;
• municipal economy and municipal enterprises;
• agriculture and forestry;
• transport and infrastructure;
• tourism and leisure;
• intermunicipal and interregional cooperation;
• social issues;
• housing and construction development;
• healthcare;
• solving youth problems;
• education;
• culture;
• security and policing issues;
• protection of nature and the environment.

A municipal economic development program is the process of determining what a municipality is going to be like in the future and includes finding the most efficient way to achieve this goal. The program is required for:

• assistance in making current decisions, taking into account the intended goals;
• ensuring the regulation of the development of the municipality;
• determining priorities for economic and social development;
• attracting investments in the economy of the municipality;
• receiving funds from the republican budget.

A certain development goal also implies a system of the following sub-goals.

Social subgoals:

• organization, maintenance and development of municipal institutions of preschool, general and vocational education, municipal health care institutions, ensuring the sanitary well-being of the population;
• creation of favorable conditions for trade and public services for the population, for the activities of cultural institutions, the media, the organization of entertainment events, the development of physical culture and sports in the municipality;
• creation of conditions for housing, socio-cultural and domestic construction;
• supply of the population and municipal institutions with fuel;
• improvement and gardening of the territory of the municipality;
• transport services for the population and municipal institutions, providing the population with communication services;
• providing social support and employment of the population;
• organization of funeral services and maintenance of burial sites;
• implementation of functions in the field of social and labor relations, employment and migration at the local level.

Household subgoals:

• maintenance and use of municipal housing stock and non-residential premises;
• urban development, planning and development of the territory of the municipality;
• organization, maintenance and development of municipal energy, gas and heat supply, water supply and sewerage;
• municipal road construction and maintenance of local roads;
• organization of disposal and processing of household waste;
• preservation of historical and cultural monuments that are in municipal ownership;
• ensuring fire safety in the municipality, organization of the municipal fire service;
• creation of conditions for the protection of the population from emergency situations.

Financial and economic subgoals:

• possession, use and disposal of municipal property;
• organizing the interaction of local financial authorities with financial and credit institutions operating both on the territory of the municipality and outside it.

The stage of assessing the potential and resource development.

The municipal economy develops, relying on its existing funds, reserves and opportunities, i.e. to well-defined resources.

Traditionally, resources are understood as a certain set of capabilities of the territory. In relation to production relations, this set means the material and intangible components of the territory that can be involved and used in economic activity municipality.

Today the problem of resource provision economic activity is connected, first of all, with the budgetary potential of the municipality. The following factors influence the increase in the budgetary potential, first of all:

• improved tax collection;
• cuts in tax breaks;
• price optimization for land and the amount of rent for the use of municipal property;
• conducting a technical inventory, namely, the implementation of a complete accounting of buildings and structures on the territory of the municipality;
• assessment and revaluation of property of individuals and legal entities for the purpose of taxation;
• development of the economy by creating an attractive investment climate for the municipality.

Personnel potential, legal and other resources of the territory also play a significant role in the system of resources. Practice shows that rich material resources do not yet guarantee high standard of living population. For example, if the local government does not have the right to collect land tax land cannot be considered as a full-fledged resource for the economic activity of the municipality. In a word, it is possible to achieve the efficiency of the municipal economy only if all the material and intangible resources of the territory are involved, balanced and invulnerable from the point of view of legislation.

Relatively new concept information resource"associated with computer technologies that provide the receipt, processing, analysis of information and its use in the management process various areas life.

So far, such an important issue as the legislative regulation of information support for local self-government has not been resolved either at the federal or at the republican level, at the same time, for local authorities in the conditions of self-government, information becomes extremely important - it becomes a management tool.

The problem of "missing information" can be solved by creating structures that will deal with operational information, statistical and analytical support for the leadership of the republic and municipalities.

In accordance with the current regulation on state statistics, its main tasks and functions are to keep records of enterprises and organizations located on the territory of the republic and subject to state registration, statistical observation of the development of the territory.

From the point of view of municipalities, the disadvantages of the system state statistics are:

• Firstly, in insufficient efficiency ( existing system state statistics works primarily for "input" and "up", does not take into account the needs of local consumers of information and clearly does not keep up with the changing situation in various areas of life);
• Secondly, in the inadequacy of statistical data to natural indicators at the republican and municipal levels;
• Thirdly, in the absence of developments at the level of the republic and municipalities (i.e., in the conduct of sectoral, and not territorial statistical records), as well as proper analytical support and communication with authorities that accept management decisions.

The main criteria for the formation of municipal statistics should be:

• legal and methodological continuity of federal statistics;
• efficiency as a basis modern technologies information support for decision makers;
• functioning within the framework of a unified regional information system;
• comparability of accounting data for all levels of republican government;
• compatibility of statistical arrays and existing databases in order to prevent duplication and improve the completeness of the request;
• continuous accounting, collection and primary processing of the parameters of the socio-economic state, starting from the level of settlement municipalities.

The effectiveness of the management process in addressing issues of local importance largely depends on the state of the information resource.

Thus, under the resources of the municipality, it is necessary to understand a certain set of material and non-material capabilities of the territory of the municipality, the disposal of which is attributed by law to the competence of local government.

Adoption of a program of socio-economic development.

Adoption of the program of socio-economic development of the municipality is the most important stage in the management of the development of local self-government. Its success largely depends on the thoroughness and conscientiousness of the preliminary work done by the municipality.

The adoption by the representative body of local self-government of the program of socio-economic development is a fundamental stage in the process of managing a municipality. The program acquires the status of a local regulatory legal act and predetermines all subsequent actions of local governments endowed with administrative and executive powers.

This stage completes the period of development and adoption of the program of social and economic development. This is followed by the period of implementation of the program of socio-economic development of the municipality.

From the above, some conclusions can be drawn.

1. The development of a comprehensive development program, focused on the purposeful and effective functioning of the municipality, involves the allocation of a general goal aimed primarily at improving the level and life expectancy of the population, maximizing the satisfaction of socio-cultural and domestic needs.

2. The classification of the goals of the municipality must be carried out on the grounds associated with the most important problems of local self-government. These include: life support, development of the social sphere, favorable investment climate, development of the economy, infrastructure, social protection and employment growth.

3. Local self-government bodies may, within the limits of available material and financial resources, adopt and implement development plans and programs, attract funds from other economic entities, and coordinate the activities of various entities in the development of the municipality.

Introduction

Chapter 1. The role and powers of local government in the socio-economic development of the municipality

1.1 Structure of local governments

1.2 The powers of local governments in the socio-economic development of the region

1.3 The concept and goals of the socio-economic policy of local government

Chapter 2. Analysis of the socio-economic development of the Dobrovsky district

2.1 The current state of socio-economic development of the Dobrovsky district

2.2 Features of the Dobrovsky district management

2.3 Formation and analysis of expenses and expenses of the Dobrovsky district

Chapter 3

3.1 Prospects for socio-economic development and management of the Dobrovsky district

3.2 Improving the basics of managing the municipality of the Dobrovsky district

3.3 Forecast of socio-economic development of the Dobrovsky district

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

IN modern conditions Russia's ongoing transition to market relations there is a rethinking of the essence of managing socio-economic development. When determining the strategic priorities for the development of the country as a whole and individual territories, an understanding of the need to focus on the needs of a person, his interests and opinions comes. In this regard, the role of local governments in the process of socio-economic development is increasing. Their active participation in the management of this process is required as equal partners with state authorities.

The practical implementation of new approaches to management at the local level is complicated by a number of circumstances. In most municipalities, the organizational and managerial potential is not fully used, there are significant reserves for improving management efficiency local development. Many municipalities do not own strategic planning technologies. In existing development plans and programs, targets often do not meet the real needs of the local population. Separate development plans and programs developed by local organizations do not contain a well-developed implementation mechanism, which leads to contradictions in the system of goals and insufficient provision of resources for the development management process. In the context of a significant increase in the number of municipalities, a reduction in local taxes and fees, and a decrease in the revenue side of local budgets, the problem of effectively using one's own development potential becomes especially relevant. In this regard, local governments need tools for self-control of the effectiveness of management activities that ensure the development of the municipality.

The socio-economic development of the municipality is a controlled process of qualitative change in the social and economic spheres, which does not worsen the state of the environment and leads to an improvement in the living conditions of the population. As an integral indicator and the main goal of socio-economic development, an increase in the quality of life of the population is considered, while transformations into economic sphere act as a means to achieve this goal.

To solve the noted problems and improve the system and process of local development management, a comprehensive diagnostics of the main directions and results of management activities is necessary, which makes it relevant to develop tools for assessing the quality and effectiveness of managing the socio-economic development of municipalities.

The problems of the development of municipalities began to attract the attention of researchers relatively recently. However, the relevance of this direction led to the formation of a fairly wide palette of approaches to understanding the essence of development and the tools for its organization.

The purpose of the WRC is to develop ways to improve the socio-economic development and management of the municipality on the example of the Dobrovsky district.

The object is the administration of the Dobrovsky district.

The subject is socio-economic development and management of the municipality of the Dobrovsky district.

Analyze the role and powers of local self-government in the socio-economic development of the municipality;

Analyze the socio - economic development of the municipality;

Develop proposals for improving the socio-economic development and management of the municipality on the example of the Dobrovsky district.

The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the provisions of the theories of domestic and foreign authors in the field of socio-economic and sustainable development.

The methodological basis was the historical and systematic approach, comparative analysis, methods of expert assessments, questioning, interviews, methods of direct quantitative assessment, ranking method.

Scientific novelty lies in the development and substantiation of recommendations for improving the management of the socio-economic development of the municipality.

The practical significance of the work lies in the study of methodological aspects of managing the socio-economic development of municipalities and the development of tools for assessing this process.

Chapter 1. The role and powers of local government in the socio-economic development of the municipality

1.1 Structure of local governments

Local self-government in the Russian Federation provides for the independent solution by the population of issues of local importance, possession, use and disposal of municipal property. It is carried out by citizens through a referendum, elections, other forms of direct expression of will, through elected and other local governments in urban, rural settlements and other territories, taking into account historical and other local traditions. The structure of local self-government bodies is determined by the population independently. Changing the boundaries of territories in which local self-government is exercised is allowed, taking into account the opinion of the population of the respective territories.

Local self-government bodies independently manage municipal property, form, approve and execute the local budget, establish local taxes and fees, maintain public order, and also resolve other issues of local importance. Local self-government in the Russian Federation is guaranteed by the right to judicial protection, to compensation for additional expenses incurred as a result of decisions taken by state authorities, a ban on restricting the rights of local self-government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal laws.

The structure of local self-government bodies is made up of the representative body of the municipality, the head of the municipality, the local administration (executive and administrative body of the municipality), the supervisory body of the municipality, other bodies and elected officials of local self-government, provided for by the charter of the municipality and having their own powers to resolve issues local importance.

The charter of a municipal formation with the status of a rural settlement may provide for the formation of an executive and administrative body headed by the head of the municipal formation, acting as chairman of the representative body of the municipal formation.

The procedure for the formation, powers, term of office, accountability, accountability of local governments, as well as other issues of organization and activities of these bodies are determined by the charter of the municipality. The names of the representative body of the municipal formation, the head of the municipal formation, the local administration (the executive and administrative body of the municipal formation) are established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation, taking into account historical and other local traditions. Local self-government bodies are not included in the system of state authorities.

The structure of local self-government bodies in the event of the formation of a newly formed municipality in inter-settlement territories or in the event of the transformation of an existing municipality is determined by the population at a local referendum (in a municipality with a population of residents with the right to vote, not more than 100 people - at a gathering of citizens) or a representative body municipality and is fixed in the charter of the municipality.

The holding of a local referendum or a gathering of citizens on the issue of determining the structure of local self-government bodies of a newly formed municipal formation is provided by state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation if there is a corresponding initiative of the inhabitants of the newly formed municipal formation.

The powers of an election commission of a municipal formation may be vested in a territorial election commission in accordance with Federal Law No. 67-FZ of June 12, 2002 "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right to Participate in a Referendum of Citizens of the Russian Federation." The powers of the local administration for the material and technical support for holding a local referendum are exercised by the executive body of state power of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation. In the absence of citizens' initiative to hold a local referendum, the structure of local self-government bodies is determined by the representative body of the newly formed municipality after its election.

The decision on the structure of local self-government bodies of a municipal formation, adopted at a local referendum (gathering of citizens), establishes:

Structure (list) and names of local self-government bodies;

The procedure for the election and powers of the head of the municipality.

A change in the structure of local self-government bodies is carried out only by amending the charter of the municipality. The decision of the representative body of the municipal formation to change the structure of local self-government bodies shall enter into force not earlier than after the expiration of the term of office of the representative body of the municipal formation that made the said decision.

The charter of the municipality determines the legitimacy of a meeting of the representative body of the municipality. A meeting of the representative body of a municipal formation cannot be considered competent if it is attended by less than 50 percent of the number of elected deputies.

Meetings of the representative body of the municipality are held at least once every three months.

The newly elected representative body of the municipal formation gathers for the first meeting within the period established by the charter of the municipal formation, which cannot exceed 30 days from the date of election of the representative body of the municipal formation in the competent composition.

The representative body of the settlement consists of deputies elected in municipal elections. The representative body of the settlement is not formed if the number of residents of the settlement with the right to vote is less than 100 people. In this case, the powers of the representative body are exercised by the gathering of citizens.

The representative body of the municipal district:

It may consist of the heads of settlements that are part of the municipal district, and of deputies of the representative bodies of these settlements, elected by the representative bodies of the settlements from their composition in accordance with the representation norm, which is equal regardless of the population of the settlement, determined in the manner established by this article;

May be elected in municipal elections on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. At the same time, the number of deputies elected from one settlement cannot exceed two-fifths of the established number of the representative body of the municipal district.

The established procedure for the formation of a representative body of a municipal district is enshrined in the charter of the municipal district within one month from the day the relevant representative body of the municipal district begins its work, and can be changed no earlier than two years from the day the work of the formed representative body of the municipal district begins.

The number of deputies of the representative body of the settlement, including the urban district, is determined by the charter of the municipality and cannot be less than:

7 people - with a population of less than 1000 people;

10 people - with a population of 1,000 to 10,000 people;

15 people - with a population of 10,000 to 30,000 people;

20 people - with a population of 30,000 to 100,000 people;

25 people - with a population of 100,000 to 500,000 people;

35 people - with a population of over 500,000 people.

The number of deputies of the representative body of the municipal district is determined by the charter of the municipal district and cannot be less than 15 people. The number of deputies of the representative body of the intracity territory of the city of federal significance is determined by the charter of the municipality and cannot be less than 10 people. The representative body of the municipality has the rights of a legal entity. The exclusive competence of the representative body of the municipality is:

1) the adoption of the charter of the municipality and the introduction of amendments and additions to it;

2) approval of the local budget and a report on its execution;

3) establishment, change and cancellation of local taxes and fees in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees;

4) adoption of plans and programs for the development of the municipality, approval of reports on their implementation;

5) determination of the procedure for managing and disposing of property that is in municipal ownership, etc.

The head of the municipal formation is the highest official of the municipal formation and is endowed by the charter of the municipal formation in accordance with this article with his own powers to resolve issues of local importance. The head of the municipality in accordance with the charter of the municipality:

1) is elected at municipal elections or by the representative body of the municipality from among its members;

2) in the event of being elected in municipal elections, either he is a member of the representative body of the municipality with the right to vote and exercises the powers of its chairman, or heads the local administration;

3) in case of election by the representative body of the municipal formation, performs the powers of its chairman;

4) cannot simultaneously exercise the powers of the chairman of the representative body of the municipality and the powers of the head of the local administration.

The head of the municipality within the powers:

1) represents the municipality in relations with local self-government bodies of other municipalities, state authorities, citizens and organizations, acts on behalf of the municipality without a power of attorney;

2) signs and promulgates, in accordance with the procedure established by the charter of the municipal formation, normative legal acts adopted by the representative body of the municipal formation;

3) issue legal acts within the scope of its powers;

4) have the right to demand the convening of an extraordinary meeting of the representative body of the municipality.

The head of the municipality is controlled and accountable to the population and the representative body of the municipality. The powers of the head of the municipality are terminated early in the event of:

1) death;

2) resignations of their own free will;

3) dismissal from office in accordance with Article 74 of this Federal Law;

4) recognition by the court as incapable or partially incapacitated;

5) recognition by the court as missing or declared dead;

6) the entry into force of a guilty verdict of a court against him;

7) travel outside the Russian Federation for permanent residence, etc.

The local administration (executive-administrative body of the municipal formation) is endowed by the charter of the municipal formation with the authority to resolve issues of local importance and the authority to exercise certain state powers transferred to local governments by federal laws and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The local administration is led by the head of the local administration on the principles of unity of command.

The head of the local administration is the head of the municipality or a person appointed to the position of the head of the local administration under a contract concluded based on the results of a competition to fill the specified position for a term of office determined by the charter of the municipality.

The structure of the local administration is approved by the representative body of the municipality on the proposal of the head of the local administration. The structure of the local administration may include sectoral (functional) and territorial bodies of the local administration.

The head of the local administration is not entitled to engage in entrepreneurial, as well as other paid activities, with the exception of teaching, scientific and other creative activities. At the same time, teaching, scientific and other creative activities cannot be financed exclusively at the expense of foreign states, international and foreign organizations, foreign citizens and stateless persons, unless otherwise provided by an international treaty of the Russian Federation or the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The supervisory body of the municipality (chamber of control and accounts, audit commission, and others) is formed to control the execution of the local budget, compliance with the established procedure for the preparation and consideration of the draft local budget, a report on its implementation, as well as to monitor compliance with the established procedure for managing and management of municipal property. It is formed at municipal elections or by the representative body of the municipality in accordance with the charter of the municipality.

A deputy, a member of an elected body of local self-government, an elected official of local self-government shall be provided with conditions for the unhindered exercise of their powers. The term of office of a deputy, a member of an elected body of local self-government, an elected official of local self-government is established by the charter of the municipal formation and cannot be less than two and more than five years.

The powers of a deputy, a member of an elected body of local self-government begin from the day of his election and terminate from the day the work of an elected body of local self-government of a new convocation begins.

1.2 The powers of local governments in the socio-economic development of the region

The activity of local authorities in the economic sphere, given the limited resources, is to accelerate the necessary processes, and not to directly participate in the activities of individual enterprises. The process of forming a specific local economic policy is to prepare a strategy for the economic development of the city and the concept of local economic policy.

The most important components of local economic policy are:

Structural;

Investment;

Entrepreneurial and financial policy.

The implementation of local structural policies is based on the principles of purposefulness, consistency, efficiency and optimality.

The main tasks of local governments in the development and implementation of structural policy include:

Identification of the most significant existing and expected structural disproportions in the city's economy in the future;

Formation of strategic guidelines for improving the structure of the city's economy;

Selection and justification of effective directions of structural transformations of the city's economy;

Creation and maintenance of the functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism for regulating and supporting the processes of structural transformations in the city's economy.

The main areas of activity of local authorities in the implementation of local social policy:

Definition and assessment of the real quality of life of all social groups and strata of the population;

Forecast of possible changes in the position of social groups and strata under the influence of economic and socio-psychological factors;

Development of the basic principles, goals and objectives of the formation and implementation of social policy;

Identification of common and specific problems of each of the social groups;

Finding sources of funding for activities;

Development of projects, programs and other activities to address social problems;

Study of the attitude of the population to the proposed projects and programs;

Correction of projects and programs taking into account public opinion;

Implementation of projects and programs, including control over implementation.

The sequence (technology) for the development of local socio-economic policy includes:

A system of indicators characterizing the quality of life of the population forming the local community is determined.

The actual value of the indicators of the quality of life of the local community is determined.

The level of quality of life of the local community is determined by the differential method and the deviation of the actual values ​​from the indicators taken as the base (values social indicators achieved in the previous period, local, regional, state, international standards).

The causes of negative and positive deviations of the actual values ​​of the indicators of the quality of life of the local community from the indicators taken as a base are revealed.

Reserves (opportunities) for improving the quality of life of the population are determined by eliminating the identified negative causes and using positive factors.

Opportunities to improve the quality of life of the local community at the expense of budgetary funds (local, federal, regional budgets) are determined.

Opportunities to improve the quality of life of the local community at the expense of extrabudgetary funds are identified.

The possibilities of improving the quality of life of the local community at the expense of borrowed funds are identified.

Target values ​​of indicators of the quality of life of the local community are set, taking into account all real opportunities and limitations.

The total amount of financial and material resources necessary to achieve the target values ​​of the quality of life indicators of the local community is determined.

Conditions are being formed that are favorable for achieving the target values ​​of indicators of the quality of life of the local community. Legal (legislative), informational, technical, personnel, socio-economic support, socio-psychological preparation for the practical implementation of the developed socio-economic policy is being carried out.

Readiness for the implementation of the developed local socio-economic policy is checked and a decision is made on its practical implementation.

1.3 The concept and goals of the socio-economic policy of local government

Municipal socio-economic policy is the most important component of local self-government systems. Local socio-economic policy is a mutually agreed set of social, economic, environmental goals and objectives (landmarks), as well as ways to achieve them, the development and practical implementation of which is carried out by the local community and self-government bodies. In the development and practical implementation of local socio-economic policy, it is necessary to apply a program-targeted approach that makes it possible to achieve the set goals, final results at the lowest cost, overcome departmental disunity, and unite interests.

The main and ultimate goal of the municipal socio-economic policy is to improve the quality of life of the population that forms the local community and increase its contribution to the development of the whole society.

The most important components of local socio-economic policy are social, economic, environmental, scientific and innovative and other types of local policies.

In municipal social policy, the main guideline is to improve the quality of life of the population that forms the local community. This is primarily the level, image and life expectancy of the population. The priority of local economic policy is the efficiency of the local economy and the increase on this basis of budgetary and extrabudgetary revenues necessary to solve local problems related to improving the quality of life of the local community.

The specific composition and content of the goals of socio-economic policy depend on the needs for socio-economic transformations, taking into account objective economic laws, developing patterns, real opportunities and ways to achieve goals. In the development and practical implementation of local socio-economic policy, it is also necessary to apply the principles of purposefulness, efficiency, optimality and multivariance, consistency and complexity.

In conditions market economy and decentralization, local authorities are pursuing an independent economic policy aimed at supporting small businesses and attracting new investments. Municipal economic policy can be viewed as a set of measures implemented by local authorities or with their participation, aimed at expanding the economic potential of the territory and increasing the efficiency of its use, strengthening the competitiveness of local enterprises. The ultimate goal of local economic policy is to improve the quality of life - to ensure efficient employment and create a reliable tax base for the local budget, allowing to implement the necessary social programs. The main task of local economic policy is to create favorable conditions for economic development.

The most important components of local economic policy in Western European countries are:

Local tax policy;

Investment policy;

Land use policy.

The process of formation of local policy consists in the preparation of options-scenarios of economic development. At each level, those functions that can be performed on it are implemented.

Main directions of economic policy:

Support for start-up small businesses. Assistance to local businesses involves a modern policy of production location;

Attracting firms and foreign investment.;

Support for domestic investment;

Promoting innovation, dissemination of advanced technologies and quality growth;

Marketization (formation of the market and market infrastructure);

There are several types of municipal economic policy, which are classified according to the object of influence. Types of local economic policy are presented in Table 1.

Table 1.

Types of local economic policy

The types of local economic policies listed above are not implemented in their pure form. For each territory and period of its economic development, a rational combination of certain types is sought, which presents the task of forming a specific local economic policy.

Municipal economic policy instruments are discussed in Table 2.

Table 2.

Instruments of municipal economic policy

The essence of local investment policy can be defined as a purposeful and scientifically substantiated activity of territorial self-government bodies to attract investment resources to solve the problems of socio-economic development of the territory. The content of the local investment policy is:

Definition of social and economic problems having priority over other spheres of life of the territory;

Choosing and substantiating the system of investment goals, determining effective ways to implement them;

Development of comprehensive measures aimed at attracting sufficient funds to the territory to achieve the intended goals;

Coordination, if necessary, of investment policy with higher management bodies;

Creation of a system for monitoring the implementation of the planned measures to attract and efficient use investment resources.

Municipal financial policy is an integral part of the socio-economic policy pursued by the local community and its self-government bodies in the interests of the population of the municipality. The essence of the municipal financial policy can be defined as the attraction and rational use of resources that form the financial basis of local government, in the interests of the local community.

1. Determination of the list of city projects, the implementation of which is of paramount importance for the local community;

2. Formation of a system of financial policy goals;

3. Development of a system of measures aimed at creating a financial basis for local self-government;

4. Creation of a mechanism for the implementation of financial policy to support urban investment projects.

The development of self-government presupposes the formation of an appropriate social mechanism, which, along with the economic mechanism of society, is the regulator of social processes. The social sphere of society has its own laws of self-development. Social systems are guided by their specifics, but it is impossible to create a system of economic integrity, focusing only on their own interests.

Municipal social politics- a wide range of specific factors (civilizational characteristics, national and cultural traditions, dominant religious and administrative canons, etc.). There are three main levels of social policy; differing in goals, functions, subjects and implementation mechanisms. At the upper federal level, a regulatory framework is being developed, basic laws are being adopted, and a system of relationships between subjects of different levels is being formed. The budget is approved, containing in its expenditure part the articles of centralized financing of the directions of social development, the lists of categories of the population are determined, for the social protection and provision of which the federal subject of management is responsible. At the level of regional social policy, the tasks of ensuring a comprehensive, balanced development of the territory are solved, certain provisions of federal decisions are concretized and filled with specific content, and mechanisms are developed for linking them to regional problems. The local level is called upon to much more concretize the methods, methods and mechanisms for achieving the goals defined in the framework of federal and regional social policy, link them to the characteristics of certain municipalities, take into account the specifics of the demographic, environmental, resource and other characteristics of the municipality. Local social policy should be a complex, multi-layered formation, the core of which is the requirements of the federal level. Regional requirements are imposed on them, and this whole system is supplemented at the local level with decisions and activities that impose additional requirements on the social management system.

Modern social policy should be built taking into account the following circumstances:

Priority of the problems of social protection of the population in the conditions of entering the market;

Increasing the role of personal labor contribution in meeting the material, socio-cultural and everyday needs of the population;

Formation of a new mechanism for substantiating and implementing social policy.

The structure of local social policy should be clearly defined. If we take into account the need to focus social policy on improving the quality of life of the population of the relevant territory, then the structure of local social policy is in the following areas:

The policy of improving the standard of living of the population;

Policy for ensuring the health and duration of the period of active life of the population;

The policy of forming a healthy lifestyle of the population.

Chapter 2 Analysis social and economic development of the Dobrovsky district

2.1 The current state of socio-economic development and management of the Dobrovsky district

Dobrovsky district is an administrative unit in the east of the Lipetsk region of Russia. The administrative center is the village of Good. The area is 1316 km² (according to another estimate, 1350 km²). The main rivers are the Voronezh and its tributaries.

There are 17 rural settlements on the territory of the Dobrovsky district:

Bolshekhomutetskoye - the village of Bolshoi Khomutets

Borisovskoe - the village of Borisovka

Volchenskoye - the village of Volchie

Dobrovskoye - Dobroe village

Yekaterinovskoe - the village of Yekaterinovka

Zamartynovskoye - the village of Zamartyne

Kalikino - the village of Kalikino

Korenevshchinskoye - the village of Korenevshchina

Krivets - the village of Krivets

Krutovskoe - the village of Krutoe

Makhonovskoe - the village of Makhonovo

Paninskoye - the village of Panino

Poroyskoye - the village of Poroy

Preobrazhenskoye - the village of Preobrazhenovka

Putyatinskoye - the village of Putyatino

Ratchinskoye - the village of Ratchino

Trubetchinskoye - the village of Trubetchino

Dobrovsky district is traditionally agricultural. The area of ​​agricultural land is 76.6 thousand hectares. The number of agricultural enterprises - 8, farms -39. Agricultural enterprises specialize in the production of grain, sugar beet, milk, breeding of cattle and pigs. The industry of the district is represented by 12 enterprises that are engaged in the production of consumer goods and processing. There are 2 construction organizations in the district that perform contract and subcontract work. There are 59 small enterprises registered in the district, 378 individual entrepreneur. The area has a fairly developed transport and communication potential, developed social infrastructure.

The administrative and cultural center of the district is the village. Good, located on the banks of the Voronezh River, 40 kilometers from the city of Lipetsk. There are 2 secondary schools and 1 evening school, a structural subdivision of the Chaplygin vocational school No. 35, a branch of the Lipetsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, a regional House of Culture, a Center additional education children and teenagers.

The largest settlements: with. Kalikino - 3335 people, with. Trubetchino - 2071 people. As of January 1, 2007, 10891 apartments, 289 social and cultural facilities were gasified in the district, 882.63 km were laid. gas pipeline, natural gas was supplied to 40 villages from 43 villages of the district.

The availability of telephones is 24.2 telephones. devices per 100 inhabitants of the region. All settlements of the district are fully equipped with telephones. 222 subscribers use Internet services. On the territory of the district there are 708.38 km. roads, of which 302.38 km. - roads of the regional level, which are on the balance sheet of the Road Administration, incl. with asphalt surface 252.78 km. The length of municipal roads is 326 km, incl. with asphalt surface 128.2 km. In addition, 80 km. - roads between municipal settlements.

The area has reached stability and continues to move forward confidently. In particular, a modern dairy complex for a thousand heads was built at Avangard LLC, more than 12,000 square meters housing, 670 lamps were installed in villages, including those through which the road from Lipetsk to Chaplygin passes. Among the notable events of the past year, one can rightfully include the opening of offices of general medical practice in the villages of Krutoye and Volchie, and a school in Yekaterinovka.

Local self-government also continues to improve: the heads of rural settlements, armed with the 131st federal law, are doing everything possible to ensure a calm, normal life in the territories of their village councils. In the vast majority of settlements, local authorities have proved their worth and independence in resolving issues of improvement, public utilities, and the budgets of settlements have “grown up”.

The essence of social policy, as elsewhere in the region, is to ensure that people live better and longer on Dobrovo land. The result of this approach was an increase in the birth rate: in 2007, 184 babies were born in the district, or slightly more than in the previous one. Increased life expectancy, decreased mortality.

However, despite the indisputable progress in socio-economic development, the region, alas, has not yet managed to become one of the leaders and become self-sufficient. without serious industrial production, and hence the possibility of replenishing their own treasury, changes in the Dobrovsky land are largely due to the regional budget. Dobrovtsy themselves, according to the deputy head of the regional administration, Nikolai Tagintsev, are still poorly engaged in the search for investors, replenishing their municipal budget. In the region, alas, unemployment is high, and wages, including those in agricultural production, are below the regional level. Socio-economic indicators are presented in table 3.

Table 3

Socio-economic indicators of the Dobrovsky district

In 2004 - 2006, the development of the industry is characterized by stable growth and positive changes.

The industrial potential of the region is represented by nine small enterprises, for 2004-2006. they produced products worth 167.1 million rubles. According to the results of this period of the year, almost all enterprises operated with a profit of more than 4.8 million rubles a year and paid taxes to the budgets of all levels of 15.3 million rubles. The average monthly salary was 6703 rubles for 2006.

There are other problems inherent in purely agricultural areas of the region. But unlike them, Dobrovsky also has good prospects, which are associated with the creation of a special economic zone of a tourist-recreational type. Work on the implementation of this project is already underway. With its development, unemployment will decrease, the budget will be replenished, which means that new opportunities will appear for social economic growth. And without harming nature. And this means that in the future the area will remain the pearl of the Lipetsk region, and its forests, meadows, the Voronezh River will become a place of rest not only for local residents and residents of Lipets, but also for thousands of Russian citizens.

Dobrovsky forestry - 113%, Dobrovsky Khlebozavod LLC - 114.2%, Lipetskmyasoprodukt LLC - 123.6%, Peat enterprise LLC - 114.4% and Dovod LLC - 130% who launched new products. (data from 2004 to 2005).

The volume of production produced by Dobroye Production Association is only 5% lower than in 2003, this is due to a decrease in the production of bakery products - 98.1% over the same period. It should be noted that the decline in output at enterprises is associated with incomplete utilization of production capacities, depreciation of fixed production assets, which on average for a given time range in the region is 54%, and the renewal coefficient is only 6% for all industrial enterprises.

For 2004 -2006 produced agricultural products in the amount of 1469.1 million rubles. The use of intensive technologies made it possible to obtain a high yield. The yield of cereals in the initial weight was 32.2 c/ha on average over three years. In five farms, grain yields exceeded the average regional level. 4 farms were engaged in the cultivation of sugar beet, in general, 150.8 tons of root crops were obtained in the region.

A good harvest was obtained in CJSC APP "Kirovskoye" - 490 centners / ha, the branch "Zamartynye" of CJSC SHP "Mokroe" - 446 centners / ha. The average yield in the region was 403 q/ha.

In the livestock sector, 1524 tons of livestock were sold for slaughter. Milk produced - 21996 tons. The largest increase in milk was provided by OOO Avangard -138% and CJSC APP Kirovskoye - 104% on average over three years. The average milk yield from one cow in the district in agricultural enterprises is 3861 kg.

The development of animal husbandry and an increase in its productivity is unthinkable without the presence of a forage base. In general, 68.6 c. feed units.

IN building complex for a given period of time, three regional and 8 involved organizations of various forms of ownership were involved.

2410 million rubles of capital investments were invested in the region's economy at the expense of all sources of financing with an increase in comparable prices by 31%. Direct work was carried out at 154 objects. Social facilities of particular importance for the residents of the district were put into operation - a general education school in the village. Yekaterinovka. Two house-offices of general practitioners were put into operation in the villages of Krutoye and Volchie, a modern sports ground was built in the village. Dobroe, a gas station "Vremya" was put into operation in the village. Small Homutets. Work was carried out on the reconstruction and construction of power lines. Reconstructed low-voltage networks along the streets with. Krutoe, the village of Poroy, a second supply is supplied to the surgical building in the village of Dobroe, 600 meters of networks have been laid in a residential village in the village of Dobroe (gas station area). Works have been completed on the reconstruction of water supply networks at the water intake that supplies water to the village. Good, in Zamartyne. Work was carried out on the water supply of all FAPs, all first-aid posts were provided with water and sewerage. The main criterion for evaluating the implementation of the Priority National Project "Affordable and Comfortable Housing for the Citizens of Russia" in the area is an increase in housing construction over a given period of time by 50%.

In total, 188 million 528 thousand rubles were spent on the healthcare system for this period of time. As part of the implementation of the priority national project "Healthcare", 46.3 thousand rubles were spent for the training of 5 doctors in 2006, including 2 general practitioners.

1 million 510.5 thousand rubles were spent to pay additional wages to 12 district service doctors (therapists and pediatricians). Received bonuses to the salary of 16 nurses. Additional cash payments were received by 21 people of the staff of feldsher-obstetric stations in the amount of 1 million 124 thousand 678 rubles. and 20 ambulance personnel medical care in the amount of 944 thousand 949 rubles. There is no maternal and infant mortality in the region. The average duration of temporary disability decreased from 19 to 14.5 days.

Among the causes of death in the first place are diseases of the circulatory system - 39.9%; in second place - cerebrovascular diseases - 19.3%; in third place - old age - 17.9%, more than 7% of the causes - injuries, alcohol poisoning, action external causes. There are positive trends in the demographic situation in the region. The average life expectancy of the population of the region for this period of time is close to 72 years.

On average, 258 students received a certificate of secondary (complete) general education for a given period of time, of which 9 people were awarded gold medals, 24 people were awarded silver medals. In 2007, they continued to participate in the experiment on the introduction of the Unified State Examination. In order to identify and develop the creative abilities of students, an average of 20 regional subject Olympiads were held, in which 559 students took part.

The implementation of the priority national project "Education" continued. Within its framework, competitions were held educational institutions implementing innovative educational programs. In total, the costs of maintaining the education system of the district, on average for a given period of time, amounted to 170 million 696 thousand rubles.

For the implementation of measures for the social protection of the population, an average of 49,297 thousand rubles was spent over a given period of time.

The regional target program "Young Family" found great support among young people. A one-time allowance for the birth of a child to non-working parents was received by 55 people. Non-working pensioners who receive a pension below living wage and do not have benefits, in the amount of 694 people receive a monthly supplement of 174 rubles.

All necessary measures are being taken in the district to support and develop all genres of culture and art, to increase their role in the education of young people and the organization of free time. Folklore expeditions are regularly held, which were organized in the village. Wolf, Sometimes, Ratchino. In the regional competition "Linen Brides" Dobrovsky district presented antiques from the villages of Krutoy and Kalikino. In the Makhonovsky DCC there is a Clay Toy club, where children are happy to sculpt from clay. Cultural institutions of the district provided paid services population in the amount of 1569.3 thousand rubles.

The development of the consumer market in the district is characterized by a stable growth rate of retail trade on average over a given period of time (118.9%), Catering (113,1%), consumer services(116.3%) and a high level of saturation of goods and services. The turnover of retail trade amounted to 755.6 million rubles, public catering - 28.3 million rubles, personal services - 15.3 million rubles. Sales of goods per 1 inhabitant in 2007 in the district as a whole amounted to 31.4 thousand rubles. The structure of the district's retail trade turnover tends to increase the share of sales of non-food products on average for a given period of time, it amounted to 38.7% and increased by 1.3 percentage points against the level of 2007.

It should be noted that the growth dynamics of the retail trade network is maintained. With the growth of retail space on average over a given period of time by 7%, retail turnover increased by 18.9%.

Positive changes in the work of small businesses were noted. Their number has increased. The average number of employees in small enterprises increased by 25 people by 2007. The turnover of small enterprises grew by almost 1.3 times on average over a given period of time. His share in total volume reached 54%. In general, there are 5 small businesses per 1000 people in the district.

There are 47 sports facilities in the district, including 13 sports grounds (including one sports ground with synthetic turf in the village of Dobroe), 7 football fields, 22 sports halls (with a total capacity of 735 people), 5 shooting ranges. The base center for sports and competitions is TsDOOD. There is a stadium in Good with a tribune for 400 seats. There are 32 sections in the district. There are 442 students in the Center for Children's Education, of which 159 are girls and 283 are boys.

After analyzing the socio-economic development of the region, it is possible to single out the main problems of the Dobrovsky region, which require an early resolution, are:

Structural crisis of the economy, aggravated by low production efficiency and non-competitiveness of many types of manufactured products, lack of investment;

Weak development of market infrastructure;

Reduction of state influence on the activities of enterprises and the development of sectors of the economy, the lack of a comprehensive system of their support;

Low level of state regulation of the most important socio-economic processes;

The difficult financial situation of industrial entities;

The growth of mutual non-payments, debts to the budgets of all levels and off-budget funds, on payment wages, pensions, allowances;

Deteriorating conditions for the exploitation of the main natural resource - forests due to extensive, exhaustive use;

Mostly inefficient agricultural production, requiring significant financial state support;

Lack of a system for the development and support of small and medium businesses;

Rising overall unemployment and rising labor market costs.

2.2 Features of the Dobrovsky district management

Dobrovsky district is part of the territory of the Lipetsk region of the Russian Federation. The municipal formation of Dobrovsky district is endowed with the status of a municipal district in accordance with the Law of the Lipetsk Region dated 02.07.2004 No. 114-OZ “On granting municipalities in the Lipetsk Region the status of an urban district, municipal district, urban and rural settlement”. The territory of the district, within which local self-government is carried out, is determined by the border of the municipality - the border of the Dobrovsky district.

The issues of local importance of the municipal district include: the formation, approval, execution of the local budget of the municipal district, control over the execution given budget; establishment, change and abolition of local taxes and fees of the municipal district; possession, use and disposal of property owned by the municipality of the municipal district; organization within the boundaries of the municipal district of electricity and gas supply to settlements; maintenance and construction highways public use between settlements, bridges and other transport engineering structures outside the boundaries of settlements within the boundaries of a municipal district, with the exception of public roads, bridges and other transport engineering structures of federal and regional significance; creating conditions for the provision transport services to the population and the organization of transport services for the population between settlements within the boundaries of the municipal district, etc.

In order to resolve issues of local importance, local self-government bodies of a municipal district have the following powers: adopt the charter of the municipality and make changes and additions to it, issue municipal legal acts; establishment of official symbols of the municipality; creation of municipal enterprises and institutions, financing of municipal institutions, formation and placement of a municipal order; setting tariffs for services provided by municipal enterprises and institutions, unless otherwise provided by federal laws; organizational and logistical support for the preparation and holding of municipal elections, a local referendum, voting on the recall of a deputy, a member of an elected body of local self-government, an elected official of local self-government, voting on issues of changing the boundaries of a municipal formation, transforming a municipal formation, etc.

The structure of the administration of the Dobrovsky district is:

1. Council of Deputies of the Dobrovsky District;

2. head of the Dobrovsky district;

3. Dobrovsky district administration;

4. control and counting commission;

5. election commission of the Dobrovsky district;

6. department of finance and treasury execution of the budget of the district administration;

7. department of education of the district administration;

8. department of culture of the district administration.

The department of finance and treasury execution of the budget of the district administration, the department of education of the district administration, the department of culture of the district administration are legal entities. The District Council of Deputies consists of 30 deputies elected by the population of the district in municipal elections on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot in accordance with federal laws and the laws of the Lipetsk Region for a period of 5 years.

The exclusive competence of the district Council is: the adoption of the Charter of the Dobrovsky district and the introduction of amendments and additions to it; approval of the district budget and a report on its implementation; establishing, changing and abolishing local taxes and fees in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees; adoption of plans and programs for the development of the district, approval of reports on their implementation; determination of the procedure for managing and disposing of property owned by municipalities; determining the procedure for making decisions on the creation, reorganization and liquidation of municipal enterprises and institutions, as well as on setting tariffs for the services of municipal enterprises and institutions, etc. The District Council independently determines its structure.

The head of the district is the highest official of the district, is endowed by this Charter with his own powers to resolve issues of local importance and heads the administration of the district. The head of the district is elected in municipal elections for a term of five years. The head of the district, within the limits of his authority established by federal laws, the laws of the region, this Charter, the regulatory legal acts of the district Council, issues resolutions on issues of local importance and issues related to the exercise of certain state powers transferred to local governments by federal laws and laws of the Lipetsk region, as well as instructions on the organization of the work of the administration.

The head of the district has the following powers: represents the district in relations with local governments of other municipalities, state authorities, citizens and organizations, acts on behalf of the district without a power of attorney; signs and promulgates, in the manner prescribed by this Charter, regulatory legal acts adopted by the District Council; publishes legal acts within the limits of its authority; has the right to demand the convening of an extraordinary meeting of the district Council.

The head of the district, as the head of the administration, has the following powers: organizes the implementation of regulatory legal acts of the district council within the framework of his powers; has the right to submit draft municipal legal acts to the district council; submits for approval of the district Council a draft district budget and a report on its implementation; submits for consideration of the district council draft regulations on the introduction or abolition of local taxes and fees, as well as other legal acts providing for expenses covered from the district budget; forms the administration of the district and manages its activities in accordance with this Charter, etc.

The district administration is the executive and administrative body of the Dobrovsky district, endowed by this Charter with the authority to resolve issues of local importance and the authority to exercise certain state powers transferred to local governments by federal laws and laws of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The district administration is headed by the head of the district on the rights of one-man command.

The structure of the district administration is approved by the district Council of Deputies on the proposal of the head of the district. Deputy heads of administration are appointed by the head of the district. The competence of the administration includes: formation and execution of the district budget; possession, use and disposal of municipal property in accordance with the procedure approved by the District Council; maintenance of the register of municipal property; organization within the boundaries of the district of electricity - gas supply to the population; maintenance and construction of public roads, bridges and other transport engineering structures within the boundaries of the region, with the exception of public roads, bridges and other transport engineering structures of federal and regional significance; creation of conditions for the provision of transport services to the population and the organization of transport services for the population within the boundaries of the district; participation in the prevention and organization of measures to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations within the boundaries of the region, etc.

2.3 Formation and analysis of income and expenses of the Dobrovsky district

The Department of Finance and Treasury Budget Execution has the following budgetary powers:

Draws up a draft district budget and submits it to the district administration;

Provides methodological guidance in the field of drafting the district budget and the implementation of the district budget;

Draws up the budget list of the district budget;

Develops a forecast consolidated budget district;

Ensures the provision of budget loans and budget credits within the limit of funds approved by the decision of the district Council on the district budget for the next financial year;

Conducts audits of the financial condition of recipients of budget funds, including the recipient of budget loans, budget loans and state guarantees;

Carries out checks of recipients of budget investments in terms of their compliance with the conditions for receiving and the effectiveness of the use of these funds;

Organizes the implementation of the district budget;

Establishes the rules for compiling, reviewing, approving the execution of cost estimates made from the district budget;

Ensures verification of the correctness of the preparation and approval of estimates for the maintenance of budgetary institutions, as well as verification of the correctness of the billing of employees of institutions financed from the district budget;

Submits proposals for changes to financial plans and summary estimates departments, committees of the district administration, administrations of village councils and other organizations financed from the district budget;

Executes the district budget in the manner prescribed by the current legislation;

Informs the district administration about the violations revealed during the audits and inspections and raises the issue of taking measures to eliminate these violations and punish the perpetrators in accordance with existing legislation. In cases of detection of violations of the law, facts of theft of funds and material assets, as well as abuses, raises the issue of dismissal of officials responsible for these violations, transfers materials of audits, inspections to law enforcement agencies;

Carries out preliminary and current control over the execution of the district budget;

Carries out operations with the funds of the district budget;

Prepares a report on the implementation of the consolidated budget of the district;

Submits a report on the execution of the district budget to the district administration;

Has the right to demand from the main administrators, administrators and recipients of budgetary funds to submit reports on the use of district budget funds and other information related to the receipt, transfer, crediting and use of district budget funds;

Receives from credit institutions information about operations with budgetary funds.

The structure and staff are approved by the head of the district administration. The head of the department is appointed and dismissed by the head of the district administration. Let's present the data of the expenditure side of the budget as a percentage of the total amount of expenditures. (Table 4.)

Table 4

Structure of budget expenditures for the period 2004-2006

Table data. 2. show that in budget expenditures a large share is spent on interbudgetary transfers. (35, 177% in 2005), which is primarily due to the need to ensure certain social problems, as well as the distribution of financial flows between the federal, regional and local levels. However, there has been a tendency to reduce these costs, which is associated with a decrease in the level of taxes. Attention is drawn to the decrease in the share of expenditures on financing the economy, which complicates technical re-equipment and prevents the economy from exiting the transitional state. The share of spending on social needs is gradually increasing in 2004-2006. The proportion of expenses for the maintenance of organs has increased government controlled, law enforcement and security, the federal judiciary.

The dynamics of budget revenues can be traced according to the data on budget execution for 2004-2006. (Table 5.)

Table 5

Structure of budget revenues for 2004-2006

Table data. 3. show that taxes prevail in the composition of budget revenues - 93.7% in 2004, and the share of taxes in the total amount of budget revenues is gradually decreasing in 2004-2006. from 93.73 to 93.71%. share non-tax revenues over the same period decreased from 2.48 to 0.88%. The share of gratuitous receipts is quite large and there is a tendency to increase it. The decrease in the share of taxes is associated with a decrease in the tax rate. Article 26.17. The BC establishes that the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation shall include income from federal taxes and fees in accordance with the standards uniform for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation established by the RF Budget Code, and (or) tax rates established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees. Revenues from federal taxes and fees are credited to the regional budget in accordance with the standards established by the RF BC.

There were also changes in the composition of tax revenues. The decisive role in the formation of the revenue part of the budget belongs to four taxes: income taxes, taxes on goods and services, license and registration fees, property taxes and payments for the use of natural resources. There is an increase in the share of income tax by 1.1 times.

In 2006, in order to develop the economy and improve the living standards of the population, they deliberately increased the deficit to 14.98%, i.e. up to the limit of 15% allowed by the budget legislation.

The percentage and dynamics of changes in expenses and incomes is shown in Table. 6.

Table 6

Distribution of income and expenses in percentage terms for 2004 –

Table data. 4. show that in 2004 there was a budget surplus, and since 2005 there has been a trend towards an increase in the budget deficit both in absolute and relative terms.

The table shows that in 2005 they increased by 12.51% compared to the previous one, and in 2006 by 6.22% compared to 2005. This indicates an increase in the tax base, as well as revenues from the federal budget, since the Lipetsk region takes part in the competition for the "Special economic zone", which will attract foreign investors to the area. Budget expenditures, in turn, in 2005 increased by 2.56 times compared to 2004 and decreased by 55.17% compared to 2006. uneven distribution associated with an increase in the standard of living of the population and bringing the deficit in 2005 almost to the extreme point. At the same time, the deficit is covered by the issuance of a bonded loan and the help of investors.

Diagram 1. shows the ratio of costs and expenses. The chart shows how expenses exceed income. The trend line shows that the growth of expenses occurs at a faster pace than the growth of income.

Figure 1. The ratio of expenses and income for 2004 - 2006

The main problem of the economy is to reduce the budget deficit. The classical ways to achieve this goal are to increase revenues and reduce budget expenditures, but at present it is carried out in the ways already listed.

Thus, it can be seen that the budget of the region has a positive trend. Saturation of the revenue side occurs due to income tax, VAT. The creation of a tourist zone will allow the region to concentrate large-scale production in the near future, develop social infrastructure and increase budget revenues by several times. The budget of the region also has a social orientation, the main priorities are the financing of regional programs, the payment of wages to employees public sector, creating the infrastructure of the tourist zone and ensuring the stability of regional and local budgets.

Chapter 3

3.1 Prospects for socio-economic development and management of the Dobrovsky district

In order to ensure effective management of social economic processes municipal formation Dobrovsky district, in order to solve strategic problems, it is necessary to develop an action plan that links various elements of the municipal economic and social policy with the resource and financial capabilities of the territory.

In this regard, the main directions of the strategy for the socio-economic development of the municipality Dobrovsky district for 2007 - 2011 and for the period up to 2015 determine the system of goals and priorities for the socio-economic development of the district in the medium and long term, based on the resource potential of the territory and the level its use in today's environment.

The main goal of the strategy is to determine the main directions for the development of the municipality Dobrovsky district, ensuring economic growth and the standard of living of the population of the municipality.

A significant natural resource base, combined with the labor resources of the territory, which are based on manufacturing enterprises, small businesses, healthcare, education, social protection - those resources that should be used to achieve the goals and further socio-economic development of the territory.

The purpose of socio-economic policy is to improve the standard of living of the population based on the production growth of economic entities, ensure the normal functioning of social sectors, and the maximum possible employment of the population.

To achieve this goal, municipal authorities in the period up to 2015 will have to solve the following main tasks:

Creation of an effective system of municipal government;

Determining the point of growth that can create an impetus for the development of the economy of the territory;

Increasing and stimulating investment attractiveness in order to attract investments to the region's economy;

Formation of conditions and incentives for the further development of small business;

Rational use and sustainable reproduction of natural resources, improvement and improvement of the quality of the natural environment;

Creation of new jobs, assistance in solving the problem of employment.

The purpose of the policy in the field of nature management, environmental protection and ecology is to increase the efficiency and environmental safety of using the natural resource potential of the territory.

As previously mentioned, the district occupies one of the leading places in the agro-industrial complex, so special attention should be paid to increasing the volume of agricultural products and livestock. In order to raise the incentive in the management of a personal farmstead and improve the genetic potential of farm animals, the target program "Development of the agro-industrial complex in the municipality of Dobrovsky district for the period 2006-2010" is being implemented, in the plan of activities of which calves of the meat and dairy and meat direction are acquired in order to increase the incentive in the management of personal farmstead and improve the genetic potential of farm animals.

The main task in the field of nature management and ecology is the rational use and sustainable reproduction of natural resources, the improvement and improvement of the quality of the natural environment.

For this you need:

Construction and improvement of the 2nd stage of the solid domestic waste landfill;

Implementation of measures to bring hydraulic structures to a safe state;

Organization of environmental education in school and preschool institutions;

Implementation of measures aimed at improving the environment;

Carrying out reforestation and forest protection measures.

Objectives of labor and employment policy:

Formation of conditions for employment of the population, improvement of quality and competitiveness work force;

Coordination of interests of employees and employers, prevention of collective labor disputes.

Main goals:

Reducing the unemployment rate in the context of limited economic and financial opportunities, pursuing an active policy to prevent mass releases;

Creation of conditions for employment of unemployed citizens;

Mitigation of the effects of unemployment;

Ensuring employment of citizens who are in particular need of social protection and who experience difficulties in finding suitable work;

Orientation of the economically active population to new forms of employment and labor relations;

Creation in the non-budgetary sector of the economy of a system of guarantees of a minimum wage not lower than the subsistence minimum on the basis of collective agreements and agreements at all levels of social partnership;

Creation of an effective system for managing conditions and labor protection;

Development of the system of social partnership.

To achieve the goals set, it is necessary to carry out:

Development and implementation of municipal programs to promote employment of the population, taking into account the labor market, taking measures to bring the municipality out of the critical situation in the labor market;

Development and implementation of a public works program;

Improving career guidance services, including for graduates general education schools, expanding the volume and types of vocational training, retraining and advanced training in accordance with the requirements of the labor market;

Support for private entrepreneurship and self-employment, development of farming, self-employment;

Ensuring the coordination of actions of the employment service with municipal authorities, as well as employers in solving the problem of employment;

Increasing the efficiency of collective-contractual regulation of labor relations, procedures of the negotiation process.

The main goal in the field of education is to create conditions for the implementation of social guarantees for education, ensuring its high quality in accordance with the needs of the individual and the state.

The objectives of the municipal policy in the field of education are to improve the quality of educational services, to ensure equal access to quality education.

The main efforts to implement the policy in the field of general education should be directed to:

Updating the content and structure of general education;

Introduction of new educational standards for general secondary education, ensuring the principle of continuity of education;

Expansion of the variability of educational programs;

Improving the system for identifying and supporting students who have shown outstanding abilities in individual subjects;

Development of the material base and technical re-equipment of educational facilities with the use of modern textbooks, visual aids and information technology and improving the quality of education on this basis;

Activation of educational institutions carried out scientific research by developing a system of grants;

Expansion of the practice of program-target planning of budget funds allocated for the development of education, including the informatization of the industry, the development of educational and laboratory facilities.

The goal in the health sector is to improve the health status of the population through ensuring the availability of quality medical care.

The main tasks of healthcare are:

Ensuring guarantees for the provision of medical care and the creation of favorable sanitary and epidemiological conditions for the life of the population;

Bringing the healthcare infrastructure in line with the modern needs of the population in medical care;

Improving the system of protecting the rights of citizens to receive timely quality medical care, including drug provision;

Solving the most acute social and medical problems (venereal diseases, tuberculosis, infectious diseases, etc.);

Raise economic efficiency use of financial, material and human resources of health care.

For this you need:

To develop a system of preventive measures in the field of protecting the health of citizens, to improve medical and preventive care for mothers and children;

Determine the priority of preventive and rehabilitation measures in the institutions of the municipal health system to reduce the incidence and mortality of the population, protect the health of mother and child, and promote a healthy lifestyle.

3.2 Improving the basics of managing the municipality of the Dobrovsky district

The purpose of improving and developing the foundations of local self-government is to increase the efficiency of solving issues of local importance that fall within the competence of local self-government bodies.

Priority objectives of the local self-government development policy:

Formation of the financial and economic base of local self-government,

Development of principles of interaction between municipal authorities and local governments, including ensuring the implementation of certain powers;

Formation of municipal property as the most important component of the financial and economic base of local self-government;

Delimitation of powers and corresponding material and financial resources between municipal authorities and local governments;

Ensuring the budgets of settlements to cover the minimum necessary budgetary expenditures, established on the basis of standards for minimum budgetary security, taking into account the specifics of settlements;

Ensuring the transfer to local self-government bodies of the material and financial resources necessary for the exercise by these bodies of the individual powers with which they are vested.

For this it is necessary to carry out:

Legal regulation of ensuring guarantees of financial independence of local self-government;

Development and implementation of programs for the socio-economic development of municipalities;

budget and tax regulation, allowing to ensure balanced minimum local budgets, create conditions for optimizing the tax base of municipalities;

Training and advanced training of personnel for local self-government;

Information support of local self-government.

The main goal is to improve the efficiency of municipal property management.

Use of all municipal assets as a tool to attract investment in the real sector of the economy;

Increasing budget revenues based on the effective management of municipal property and the development of the real estate market, primarily the land market.

To accomplish the tasks set, it is necessary to carry out:

Adoption of the privatization program with the definition of the list of objects to be privatized;

Determination of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of management of municipal property (assets);

Formation of a mechanism for publishing information about property being privatized, about property that can be leased, trust management, including property held by municipal enterprises and institutions;

Improving the efficiency of municipal unitary enterprises and ensuring the transfer of part of their profits to the budget.

An important place is occupied by municipal legal acts that can be canceled or their action can be suspended by local governments and local government officials who have adopted (issued) the relevant municipal legal act, by the court; and in the part regulating certain state powers transferred to them by federal laws and laws of the region, - by the authorized body of state power of the Russian Federation, the authorized body of state power of the region.

However, there is a discrepancy between the adopted normative acts and federal laws. The municipal legislator, in the context of the obvious insufficiency of the regulatory norms laid down in the federal law, has established a fairly wide legal limit for regulating the territorial organization of self-government.

In the process of analyzing the legal properties of the charter, it is concluded that the norms of Art. 57 of the Federal Law "On general principles organizations of local self-government in the Russian Federation" (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law), allowing the possibility to fill the gap in the law in the absence of legislation of the subject of the Russian Federation by the legal norms of the charter of the municipality, do not allow to ensure compliance with the principle of legality, compliance of the charter with the legislation of the subject of the Russian Federation. Temporary legal regulation of relations under Art. 57 of the Federal Law, it is advisable to carry out in the transitional provisions of the charter.

A significant amount of regulation is carried out in the charter. Based on the legislation of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the ratio of the scope of regulation between the charter of the municipality and the laws of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in federal law not exactly defined. In different subjects of the Russian Federation, the problem of the correlation of legal regulation of the main issues of local self-government is not equally approached.

Rule-making at the level of the district of the region in matters of settlement legal status led to a lot of controversy in relation to federal regulations. In some areas, the opinion of the population of local self-government was not taken into account, in others rights were infringed. For the period from the moment of the adoption of the law "On the general principles of the organization of local self-government ..." until the beginning of 2003, in Supreme Court The Russian Federation and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation considered dozens of cases on the contradiction of local legislation with the federal one and on their constitutionality.

The weakness of legislation in the field of local self-government is due to a number of reasons, among which the main one is the lack of an integrated system of state territorial administration; the absence of a clear delineation of powers between state authorities and local self-government bodies; internal inconsistency and non-systematic nature of federal and regional legislation on local self-government.

In order to work effectively, each of the levels of government must have a clear idea of ​​the scope of its powers and the corresponding duties of responsibility for the state of affairs in a particular area. This ensures the division of powers between all levels of territorial administration in the state. At the same time, it is inexpedient to rigidly assign a certain fixed amount of powers to local self-government bodies. The municipality has significant differences in terms of economic potential, infrastructure, personnel, therefore, the scope of powers to resolve issues of local importance that certain local governments can take on will always be different. When determining the competence of the municipality, it is necessary to take into account local conditions.

When distributing powers, it is important to find the optimal solution of which function should be transferred on the principle of exclusive execution and for which it should be established joint responsibility of different levels of management. From the point of view of improving management efficiency, it is necessary to strive to ensure that in all areas of relations in which joint responsibility between different levels of management is inevitable, a participant is determined to coordinate the efforts of authorities at various levels to solve a joint problem.

The law on the general principles of the organization of local self-government does not contain special rules on the distribution of tasks assigned to the competence of local self-government between districts and settlements located on their territory. In accordance with the constitutional law of Russia, settlements as municipalities are independent subjects of local self-government in relation to districts. However, due to the lack of the necessary administrative and financial resources, the municipalities located on the territory of the districts are often not able to perform all the tasks assigned to them. Therefore, there is an objective need for such a distribution of powers between districts and municipalities that would ensure the stable implementation of tasks. This is possible if the municipalities located on the territory of the districts are assigned only those functions that local governments are able to effectively solve based on their organizational, managerial and financial potential. The subjects of the Russian Federation in the legislation are assigned the right to adopt a legislative act on the distribution of competence between districts and settlements located on their territory in accordance with the organizational, managerial and financial resources of the respective entities.

The delegation of authority is carried out taking into account the tasks of the socio-economic development of the municipality of the Dobrovsky district. The delegated powers should not create obstacles for the decision of municipal authorities of issues of local importance or worsen the socio-economic situation of the municipality. Powers can be transferred only if there are real opportunities for their implementation by local governments.

When delegating state powers to local self-government bodies of the Dobrovsky district, the draft law must be sent in advance to the representative bodies of the relevant municipalities for approval and a reasoned conclusion. Objections of local self-government bodies regarding the nature of the scope of delegated powers and the procedure for their financing are subject to consideration in commissions of representative bodies of state power.

Gradually, new forms of interaction between the municipal bodies of the Dobrovsky District should take shape: the creation of joint temporary and permanent working bodies; joint development and implementation of plans and programs. In order to coordinate efforts to protect the rights of local self-government bodies and increase the effectiveness of interaction with state authorities, municipalities are united in unions and associations. In recent years, all-Russian interregional and regional specialized associations of municipalities have been created in Russia. Many of the positive results achieved in the course of the municipal reform were to a large extent the result of the joint work of such associations.

When determining the composition of the Dobrovsky district, it is necessary to take into account the territorial demographic, economic, historical and administrative factors. Among the possible powers of the Dobrovsky district, one can note social support and employment of the population, emergency situations management, environmental protection, fire safety, regulation of land relations, etc. That is, the powers transferred to the level of the Dobrovsky district are associated with the implementation of the constitutional rights of the population or with the implementation of state social policy and at the same time are classified as issues of local importance. Among the advantages of such a system, experts note the strengthening of the vertical of executive power, the closer approach of state power to the population comprehensive development territories consisting of several municipalities.

It is also necessary:

These measures have proven themselves well in foreign practice. Separate elements are already used in Russia, but according to experts, only their comprehensive and widespread distribution can give a noticeable effect. Implementation should be based on federal legal regulation as it is connected with solving the problems of strengthening statehood and creating conditions for long-term economic growth.

3.3 Forecast of socio-economic development of the Dobrovsky district

The forecast of the socio-economic development of the Dobrovsky district assumes compliance with the requirements of federal and regional legislation based on the forecast materials of enterprises, institutions and organizations located in the district.

As the main provisions of the forecast, one can note the preservation of high rates of economic growth and investment, and on the basis of this, the maintenance of high rates of growth in incomes of citizens.

When developing the forecast, external economic and domestic factors were taken into account.

The positive external economic factors include the stabilization of the global economic growth rates, the maintenance of a sufficiently high level of demand for oil and gas, the improvement of the investment climate, the increase investment rating Russia, to the negative - the dependence of the country's economy on the export of hydrocarbon raw materials, the development own production in importing countries of Russian metals, a decrease in medium term world prices for ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Positive domestic factors are such factors as the growth of entrepreneurial activity of Russian companies in the face of increased competition, the growth of investment activity and the improvement of the quality of investments, the modernization of the natural monopoly sector, the diversification of the economy, the introduction of energy-saving technologies, the increase in domestic solvent demand of the population, the implementation of national projects in the field of education , healthcare, construction of affordable housing.

Negative: Deterioration of the situation for industries focused on domestic demand due to the growth of competitive imports, excess of growth rates for energy resources compared to the target inflation rate, physical and moral aging of fixed assets of individual industries, continuing natural population decline, population aging and an increase in budget expenditures for pensions and social security.

The main priorities in the activities of the city self-government bodies of the Dobrovsky district:

1) ensuring the sustainable functioning of the most important life support systems of the population;

2) modernization of the social sphere, primarily through the implementation of national projects in the field of healthcare, education and providing the population with affordable and comfortable housing;

3) construction, reconstruction and overhaul of street road network, improving the improvement and landscaping of the city;

4) increasing the efficiency of the use of municipal property, land and real estate;

5) creation of conditions for the development of efficient production, support for entrepreneurial and investment activities;

6) maintaining high growth dynamics real income workers and the entire population, increase effective demand and reduce poverty;

7) ensuring the environmental and public safety of the life of citizens.

The average annual population of the city in 2008 will be 1 million 89 thousand people. An increase in the birth rate is predicted, which will amount to 10.7 people. per 1000 people population against 10.1 people. in 2005.

The main parameters of the forecast for the socio-economic development of the region:

The volume of shipment of goods of own production, work performed and services performed on their own for "clean" activities;

An increase in industrial production is predicted. Agriculture will dominate in the structure of types of production;

The volume of investments directed to the development of agriculture will be about 50% of the total investment, they will allow the introduction of new production areas and the introduction of new technologies.

The task of city governments, using the accumulated potential, is to competently organize their work in order to increase the level of services provided to the population in all spheres of life, to ensure further dynamic socio-economic development in the city and the implementation of priority national projects in healthcare, education, housing construction, to activate all the factors that provide conditions for the growth of the gross municipal product, a balanced solution to the key problems of the city. Achieving the predicted indicators of socio-economic development will be ensured by coordinated actions of all parts of the city management system in accordance with the established priorities.

Conclusion

Forms of government and self-government are largely determined by state forms, political regimes and political systems. Forms, content and principles of administration and self-government in federal states and confederate republics differ significantly from those in unitary states.

Management and self-government in Russia should be built taking into account all the specifics of Russian society and the state. When forming institutions of power and control, it is necessary to combine the interests of both all the peoples of Russia and the peoples of historically established territorial entities. Local authorities should also be formed taking into account the multinational composition of the population of each republic, region, territory and district.

Russia is currently in a state of deep economic crisis and one of the main problems on the solution of which depends on overcoming this crisis is the organization of effective local self-government. This is due to the following reasons:

The inevitability of the transformation of the entire management system, the expediency of dispersing state power between all levels of government;

The need to ensure active, equal, real participation of the population of Russia in managing the development of its socio-economic sphere;

The need to strengthen the orientation of local communities to self-help, to strengthen the business activity of the entire able-bodied population of the relevant territory;

The need to overcome the economic crisis in Russia by using the available reserves of territorial entities.

All of these problems are also reflected at the local level, which is aggravated by the presence of their own problems in local governments.

The set goal of the work has been achieved. With the help of solving problems, shortcomings were identified and proposals for their elimination were developed. For this, the role and powers of local government in the socio-economic development of the municipality, including the structure of local governments, the powers of local governments in the socio-economic development of the region, and the very concept and goals of the socio-economic policy of local government are analyzed. A study of the socio-economic development of the municipality showed that there are a number of problems.

The following developments are proposed:

The creation of a tourist zone will allow the region to concentrate large-scale production in the near future, develop social infrastructure and increase budget revenues by several times.

The budget of the region also has a social orientation, the main priorities are the financing of regional programs, the payment of wages to public sector employees, the creation of infrastructure for the tourist zone and ensuring the stability of regional and local budgets.

It is also necessary:

Create legal opportunities for the formation of joint administrations by small municipalities in order to save management costs;

Create conditions for inter-municipal cooperation in solving common problems;

To increase the effectiveness of the mechanisms of state control and supervision over the activities of local self-government bodies in terms of their compliance with the law and the exercise of state powers;

Strengthen public control over the activities of local self-government by increasing the role of representative bodies and developing specific mechanisms for realizing the responsibility of local authorities to the population;

To create the possibility of forming budgets of higher territorial levels of government (districts; administrative-territorial entities) at the expense of targeted deductions from budgets of a lower level for solving the joint tasks of municipalities, as well as at the expense of earmarked funds allocated from the federal and regional budgets for the execution of state powers.

The results of this work make it possible to evaluate various aspects of managing the socio-economic development of the municipality of the Dobrovsky district, allow not only to explore the dynamics of the level of socio-economic development, but also to identify key issues territories and make adequate management decisions. The proposed toolkit ensures the improvement of the development management process by identifying positive experience in the activities of other municipalities, which can be used in the development and implementation of their own policies.

Bibliography

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According to the well-known Russian tradition - to destroy everything to the ground - in the transition to the market, we resolutely abandoned any plans whatsoever as one of the symbols of a directive planned economy. Unfortunately, we were not alarmed by the fact that all countries with market economies widely and very successfully use planning in all spheres of activity.

There is an opinion among our managers: what kind of strategic planning is there, we would survive today. And so we “survive” a day, a month, a year. Seven years have passed since 1992 - the start of economic reforms. It is difficult to say how long the transition period will last. We must learn to live in a transitional period. That is why today we have submitted for your discussion the topic “Integrated socio-economic development of municipalities”. At present, many administrations of Russian cities do not have a clear idea of ​​their future. At the same time, the mere presence of a strategic plan improves the environment and increases the attractiveness of the city, promotes the work of local entrepreneurs and attracts new investments. We offer you a scheme, an approximate plan of how to draw up a program for the integrated socio-economic development of a municipality, based on the experience of the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The concept of integrated socio-economic development of the municipality

A municipal formation is understood as a certain territory in which the population lives (not necessarily compactly and settled) or part of an urban area (a district in a city) that has acquired a certain status (the status of a municipal formation), which allows, in particular, to participate in civil legal relations and exercise local self-government .

There are two opposite points of view on the development of the municipality.

Proponents of the first concept argue that the question of the development of a city or district as an integral socio-economic entity should not be raised at all, development will be carried out as if by itself and in the right direction (based on objective laws). The municipal formation will find its own way - it just does not need to be interfered with. It is necessary to develop the infrastructure, solve the current problems that arise, and the rest will develop by itself, and just what is most organic for the given territory will develop.
The second approach states that in order for a municipality to develop, it is necessary to determine development goals. Goals should be selected from many different options and economically justified. It seems to me that this point of view is more correct, since only purposeful movement makes it possible to dispose of resources and achieve a positive maximum effect at certain costs.

The definition of integrated socio-economic development includes three main positions:

Development of the infrastructure of the municipality;
- master plan of development;
- development of all the main spheres of life of the municipality in the complex.

This third position lies in the fact that the municipality is understood as an integral socio-economic phenomenon that has its own internal laws of development, and if the residents of the settlement are given the right by law to raise and resolve issues of the development of the municipality, then the term "comprehensive socio-economic development of the municipality » should refer not to individual areas of life, but to the entire municipality, including, along with traditional municipal areas (such as public utilities) and other areas, including interaction with state authorities, with local governments of other municipalities, with economic structures various forms of ownership, the formation and development of a system for preparing residents for the implementation of local self-government, the development of the spiritual life of the municipality, and others. The components of this development are:
- the well-being of the population, which includes such elements as the protection of human rights, the security of the individual, the standard of living, living conditions and the quality of living space. The standard of living implies the material security of the inhabitants; living conditions are determined by the quality of the social environment (access to education, culture, medical services, work and rest, sets of utilities; state transport infrastructure, the level of development of trade and the network of personal services and

the like); the concept of "quality of living (or physical) space" includes the quality of housing, the aesthetic appearance of the city, its landscaping, the quality of the urban environment (air, drinking water, food, acoustic and other physical "pollutants"), the degree of protection of residents and material objects culture from natural disasters;

Economic and resource complex. The priority guideline for the development of this complex is the continuous increase in the economic efficiency of the functioning of enterprises of all forms of ownership that produce goods and services, and the reduction in the specific consumption of raw materials, materials and energy. Such development should be harmoniously combined with technological innovations, modernization, expansion of the range of goods and services, import substitution;

Improvement of the environment.

Goals of socio-economic development

The general goal is often formulated as meeting the needs of the population in acquiring certain values ​​of material and spiritual culture. However, this is too vague and general wording.

In each case, the goals are formulated differently. Here are some examples of goal setting:

Creation of conditions for activating the life of the population and improving its standard of living;
- self-development of the territory on the basis of active management of socio-economic processes;
- drawing up a balanced budget;
- creation of a high-quality urban environment for the life of the population;
- an increase in the quality of life based on effective employment and the creation of a reliable tax base for the local budget, which makes it possible to implement the necessary social programs;
- priority development of the region and the city, which is of particular importance for the economy of the subject of the federation or the country as a whole, the maximum use of the natural, climatic and resource features of the territories;
- reduction of excessively deep differences in the level of socio-economic development of individual administrative-territorial entities;
- creation of conditions for overcoming the crisis and successful development in the future based on the weakening of factors that impede the adaptation of municipalities to the new economic situation and the implementation of existing prerequisites for development.

Socio-economic development programs

One of the main forms of implementation of integrated socio-economic development are programs.

Who can develop programs? Bodies of state administration (federation or subject of the federation). Local self-government bodies. Population. Independent organizations.

Stages of program development

1. Analysis and evaluation of resources and business conditions.
2. Substantiation of development directions.
3. Choice of methods and tools for achieving goals in areas
4. Drawing up an action plan for the implementation of program tasks.

Analysis and assessment of resources and business conditions

The goals and objectives of the development of individual municipalities are largely determined by the state of the economy and the social sphere, therefore, the starting point for compiling the program is the analysis and assessment of resources and business conditions, which is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Prerequisites for economic development:
- location assessment,
- natural resources (natural and climatic conditions, availability of effective resources - land, forest, mineral resources).

2. Population (quantitative and qualitative parameters of the population, its structure, number of employees, intellectual and educational potential).
3. Production and scientific and technical potential.
4. Infrastructure (transport links, social infrastructure, housing and communal services).
5. Ecological situation.
6. Financial resources.
7. Legal ( legislative basis, which includes the powers, subjects of jurisdiction and guarantees of the rights of local self-government).
8. Structural, organizational, informational and human resources.

Under the resources of the municipality is understood a certain set of material and non-material capabilities of the territory of the municipality, the disposal of which is referred to the municipal competence. The development of the territory is largely determined by the availability of material resources, since the efficiency of investments invested in the region depends on them, they determine the production activity and the well-being of the population. But despite the exceptional importance for the conduct of economic activity of the availability of resources, the activity itself is impossible without the main resource - the personnel potential of the territory. An equally important resource, without which no economic activity is possible, is the amount of authority that an economic entity is vested with by law. In other words, a certain legal resource. Just as it is impossible to realize the possibilities of material resources without the employees having certain skills and technologies of activity, so it is impossible to carry out economic activity without a legal resource.
The resources of the municipality should be: firstly, commensurate with the volume of tasks solved by the local authorities of the given municipality; secondly, local self-government bodies should be assigned resources that ensure a comprehensive solution of problems. So, for example, if the task of providing the population with utilities, then all production potential working in this area network engineering, communications, financial resources, heat sources, and so on) should be assigned to the jurisdiction of local governments. Proceeding from the same principle, the issue of endowing local self-government bodies with municipal property should also be resolved. An equally important principle, which should also be taken into account when considering the issue of assigning resources to certain levels of power and control, should be the principle of the most efficient use of a resource. Obviously, the maximum efficiency in land use will be achieved

land at the municipal level, since it is easiest to establish control over its use and operational regulation of land management processes at the local level.

An analysis of the conditions and prerequisites for the development of the municipality should answer the question of whether there are objective opportunities to reverse the negative trends and ensure economic growth in the coming years. Which old, inefficient, production that does not meet the requirements of a market economy should be curtailed, which modern types of activities should be developed.

Justification of development directions

Based on the analysis data, the directions of socio-economic development are formulated:

Priorities for the development of production, taking into account natural and economic conditions;
- support for potentially profitable industries and enterprises;
- substantiation of directions and parameters for the development of new promising types of activities;
- Ways to achieve greater financial security.

Methods and tools for achieving goals

In the management of urban development, both before and now, the dominant role is played by classical authoritarian (directive, normative) management tools. However, the unsustainable nature of development leads to the conclusion that it is expedient to supplement authoritarian instruments with financial ones, which will make it possible to reinforce and strengthen the impact of authoritarian instruments and make development policy as a whole more effective. Financial instruments according to their functional significance can be divided into three main groups:

1. Tools for economic stimulation, assistance and support. The main goal of this group of instruments is the revival of "lying" enterprises, attracting business to urban development projects that do not promise normal payback periods or are not at all attractive to the private sector, but are of vital importance to the population.
2. Incentive instruments (payments, taxes) are designed to economically encourage enterprises to rationally use natural resources, pursue a policy of saving energy, raw materials, materials.
3. Financial sanctions that are applied to violators of legislation, standards, norms, obligations assumed under city development plans or contracts with city authorities.

Each of these groups financial instruments performs important function in governance, and yet in terms of sustainable urban development, economic incentives are increasingly being used. It is they who primarily play the leading role in the implementation of innovative solutions and projects that allow putting the city on a path of sustainable development, involving ever larger segments of the private sector in this process, and at the same time contributing to its restructuring and modernization.

Conclusion: not direct management of all economic processes taking place in the territory under its jurisdiction, but the creation of favorable conditions, regulation of the interaction of economic interests in the territory.

Development of an action plan for the implementation of the program

The plan includes specific measures, deadlines, executors, a system for ensuring activities (financial, regulatory, informational).

Experience in developing development programs in the Khabarovsk Territory

The development of programs for the socio-economic development of districts in the administration of the Khabarovsk Territory has been carried out over the past four years. Programs have been developed for the Nanai district, the city of Sovetskaya Gavan with the Sovetsko-Gavansky district, the Vyazemsky district, the district named after. Lazo, the area named after Polina Osipenko, the city of Bikin with the Bikinsky district, Okhotsk

Mu and Ulchi districts. The implementation of the programs testifies to a fairly high degree of efficiency of this work, both for the districts and for the region as a whole.

Based on the existing economic and scientific and technical potential of the regions, two types of programs are being developed:

1. Economic development programs for regions with sufficient scientific and technical potential and capable of becoming "growth points" for the region's economy.
2. Programs for stabilizing the economy and the social sphere for areas where there are no significant prerequisites for economic growth, areas with a high level of unemployment, demographic and migration problems.

The participation of the regional administration in the development of district development programs allows you to determine the priorities and goals of the district development based on the general regional concept of development. In addition, the adoption of the program at the regional level makes it possible to include in the action plan such items, the implementation of which depends on the regional administrative structures. In order to increase the validity of program activities, it is advisable to involve scientists and employees of enterprises in the preparation of programs.

Technoecopolis KAS.

For the most industrially developed group of regions, but in a depressed state (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Amursk with Amursky district, Solnechny and Komsomolsky regions), the program "Technoecopolis Komsomolsk-on-Amur-Amursk-Solnechny" (TEP CAS) has been developed. This program was approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 15, 1996 No. 480 as part of the presidential federal program"Economic and social development Far East and Transbaikalia. The main idea of ​​the program is to create and maintain in a dynamic state such territorial system, which is focused on the production of high-tech, as well as rare types of products, classified among the world or Russian "leaders". In this case, the higher costs of production enter into the value and price of the product as a socially necessary part of them. The activities of the program include specific types of work aimed at fulfilling the program objectives. They are grouped into four areas:
1. Development of industrial potential with a focus on the production of leading products.
2. Ecological rehabilitation of the territory, complex processing of resources.
3. Employment and social development.
4. Creation of the organizational and functional infrastructure of the technoecopolis.

The effectiveness of the TEP CAS program is due to the use of territorial resources, which give the effect of uniqueness and monopoly, and, consequently, additional profit. Such resources include: location, rare natural resources, scientific, technical and industrial potential. It is also important that most of the resources that need to be attracted for the implementation of the program are not determined by financial support from the center. The activities of the program will increase economic potential region with a qualitative transformation of its industry. The integration of the economy of the region with the economy of the country will be significantly strengthened. This will be achieved in the process of mutually coordinated implementation of the main institutional reforms on the territory of the CAS and the concentration of the most important types of economic resources on the selected priorities of socio-economic development. The environmental effect is due to the implementation of projects that ensure the environmental rehabilitation of the territory. The social effect will be diverse and significant. New jobs will be created. There will be a significant increase in the income of the population of the region, and the level of qualification of the labor force will increase. The tasks of creating a permanent population with developed labor motivation, increasing social security and safety of citizens will be solved.

Individual projects included in this program are of unconditional interest to investors.

1. Production of Su-80 and Be-103 aircraft at KnAAPO.
2. SNPP "Technology" - production of hard-alloy drilling equipment.
3. Plant "Amur" - the production of high-speed small boats "Strela".
4. Vekha 1 LLC - production of flux-cored wire for arc metallization.

The regional administration took an active part in all stages of the development and implementation of the Technoecopolis KAS program. This involvement has taken many forms:
1. The development of the program was carried out mainly at the expense of the regional administration.
2. Creation of governing bodies for the development and implementation of the program. Initially, an executive directorate was created, and since August 1996, a program implementation department has been operating. This is the only department in the administration of the region, which is located not in Khabarovsk, but directly on the territory of the program - in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
3. Defending the interests of the program in the government of Russia, since, given the focal nature of the development and development of the Russian North, the development of organizational and financial mechanisms, a system of benefits and forms of state support on the example of the technoecopolis of the CAS is of fundamental importance. Over the years of development and implementation of the program, dozens of letters have been written to the Russian government, and senior officials of the administration have worked on this issue many times in ministries and departments. As a result, a number of issues related to increasing state support for the program were resolved.
4. Promotion of projects included in the program in order to attract investments, including foreign ones. At presentations of the Khabarovsk Territory abroad, investment conferences, potential investors are provided with detailed information about investment projects, export opportunities and import needs of KAS technoecopolis enterprises, preliminary discussion of the conditions for future cooperation.
5. Creation of a favorable investment climate in the region. Since 1999, according to the law of Khabarovsk

Territory "On taxes and fees of the Khabarovsk Territory" is exempt from taxation in terms of amounts credited to the regional budget, the profit of investment entities - participants in the "Technoecopolis CAS" program, aimed at the implementation of the federal target program economic and social development of the Far East and Transbaikalia.

Nanai district

The issues of complex socio-economic development of the Nanai region were reflected in four resolutions of the head of the regional administration:
- No. 265 dated 06.06.96 "On urgent measures to stabilize the socio-economic situation and on the main directions of development of the Nanai region for the period up to 2005";
- No. 255 dated June 23, 1997 “On the Program for Sustainable Economic Development of the Gassinsky Model Forest Territory for 1997-2005”;
- No. 463 dated 10.20.97 “On the implementation of the resolution of the head of the regional administration dated 06.06.96 No. 265 “On urgent measures to stabilize the socio-economic situation and on the main directions of development of the Nanai region for the period up to 2005”;
- No. 217 dated 05/18/98 "On

main directions of sustainable environmental development of the Gassinsky Model Forest for the period from 1998 to 2005 and on the status of its territory.

The joint Russian-Canadian project Gassinsky Model Forest since 1994 and the project of the Canadian Agency international development"Economic development of the Nanai region based on the use of natural resources of the region" since 1999.

Program implementation

None of the most remarkable plans will be realized if there is no management of the implementation of the program. Examples of governing bodies:

Fund for the implementation of the program "Technoecopolis KAS",
- coordinating council of the program of sustainable economic development of the territory of the Gassinsky model forest.

Control functions:

Control over the implementation of program activities.

The main tasks of such control are to monitor the quality and timeliness of the measures taken, to identify the extent to which they affect the improvement of the situation in the region.

Monitoring of the socio-economic situation in the region.

That is, a specially organized systematic monitoring of the course and nature of quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy. The organization of such monitoring is complicated by the lack of sufficiently detailed statistical information. Focusing on official statistics, two groups of monitoring indicators can be distinguished: indicators of the level of economic development and indicators of living standards. The level of economic development can be monitored by the following indicators: indices of physical production volumes, growth rates of capital investments, share of own income in local budget, mechanical gain able-bodied population, unemployment rate. The standard of living can be described by the following main indicators: the provision of the population with housing and the number consumer baskets in the average wage.

Economics of municipalities: terms, definitions and ways of development

Before considering the impact of the distribution of the municipal order on the development of the economy of municipalities, it is necessary to define this term, as well as to identify the currently used methods and the main indicators of the development of the economy of municipalities.

So, in this paper, the economy of municipalities will be understood as a system economic relations between subjects of economic activity in the course of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods at the municipal level.

Now we should dwell on what will be included in the concept of "development of the economy of municipalities". In this work, this term will be understood as the improvement of the system of municipal economic relations, namely, the increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of the interaction of subjects, leading to an improvement in the quality of life of the population, that is, meeting the needs of citizens in:

• in the level of material well-being;
• in favorable conditions of work and rest,
• Comfortable living conditions, healthy living environment;
• safety and longevity.

Thus, the development of the economy of municipalities will mean not only an increase in the volume of goods of their own production, expansion of production capacities, an increase in effective demand, etc., but also an improvement in a number of social indicators. After all, you will agree that the development of the economy has a positive effect on all spheres of society (social, in the first place), and if the state of affairs in these areas is at a good level, this will also have a positive impact on the local economy. It turns out almost a vicious circle: the better, the better, the better. Therefore, it is extremely important to take into account the social side in the study of the development of the economy of municipalities. That is why in this paper, in the future, indicators of not only the economic, but the socio-economic block of development of municipalities will be considered and used.

Now I would like to dwell on ways to develop the economy of municipalities. Consider the "Western" approach Vetrov G.Yu. Presentation on the topic "Management of municipal economic development." M., Foundation "Institute of Urban Economics", which is based on 5 key elements:

• 1. Planning & Partnership.
• 2. Business climate.
• 3. Infrastructure.
• 4. Business & Entrepreneur Support & Retention.
• 5. Business/Investor Attraction.

Let's look at each element in more detail.

1. Planning and partnership.

So, this includes the creation of a development strategy, the mobilization of civic groups and the creation of economic alliances - primarily the introduction of public-private partnerships (hereinafter - PPP) at the municipal level. At the same time, the municipality receives such benefits as access to financial resources private sector and peer review management, improved service quality, greater efficiency due to competition among potential private partners, reduced risks associated with their separation from the private sector, and, in general, stimulating the activity of the private sector, which, no doubt, will lead to economic growth.

As for the advantages of concluding a PPP for private structures, here we can single out, firstly, the commercial benefits from the partnership, the possibility of expanding its activities, opening access to new markets, all sorts of reputational benefits and, of course, sharing risks with the state.

Thus, by introducing PPP, the municipality, which could not itself provide the necessary cash injections in full, attracts private structures to work together in certain projects, while sharing possible risks, and often gaining better practices for implementing the necessary interventions, which ultimately increases the activity of the private sector and leads to the growth of the local economy.

2. Business climate.

Also, in order to achieve positive changes in the economy, it is important to pay attention to the development of a healthy business climate in the municipality. First of all, to carry out the necessary political programs, level out administrative barriers for doing business, establish clear standards and put the required procedures on stream, for example, in the process of registration and obtaining the necessary permits, etc.

3. Infrastructure.

One of the most important aspects of the development of the economy of municipalities is the availability of the necessary infrastructure. Under this element, the municipality deals with land issues, conducting electricity, laying a road network, vocational training for workers in new industries. All this should be organized together with an adequate cultural and entertainment program, affordable education and health care, as well as a sports component for both local residents and employers and workers and tourists.

4. Support and preservation of businesses and entrepreneurs.

Without a doubt, an entrepreneur must be sure that the municipality is interested in supporting his business not only at the initial stage, but also in the future - directly in the process of activity. Therefore, it is extremely important for municipal authorities to provide support and guarantee the integrity of business at all stages of its development. Accordingly, if a potential entrepreneur is aware of the availability and efficiency of such a mechanism in a particular municipality, then such a positive signal will certainly push him to choose this municipality as an investment object.

Also, the support of existing enterprises from municipalities stimulates their further development. As for the figures, here we note the experience of the United States, in which about 80% of new jobs are provided by the development of firms that already exist in municipalities. We cannot be sure that by introducing the same tool in Russia, it will be possible to obtain similar impressive results. However, completely ignore Foreign experience the more experience developed countries, and the overall consistency of the processes in the presented mechanisms seems to be at least incorrect.

5. Attracting firms/investors.

This element should be considered in more detail, since the attraction of investors, the "new economic force" most directly affects the development of the economy of municipalities. Indeed, the most investment-attractive municipalities have a much greater potential for economic growth, so it seems important to consider the formation of an investment-attractive municipality and the ways in which this status is achieved.

Let's start with the fact that due to the federal structure of the Russian Federation and the heterogeneity, economic and social inequality of the regions, investment attractiveness at the regional level, and, consequently, at the municipal level, can vary significantly. First of all, these differences arise due to objective regional characteristics, such as the availability of natural resources or geographical position regarding the main transport routes, etc. Thus, some municipalities do not experience problems in terms of investment inflow, increasing their economic potential, and without making any special efforts, while the other part is forced to take some measures to improve their investment status.

The investment attractiveness of a municipality is understood as a set of various objective opportunities and limitations that determine the intensity of attracting investments, as well as the investment activity of municipalities. Thus, it is possible to draw up a “formula” for determining investment attractiveness, which will look like this:

Investment attractiveness = Investment potential - Investment risk + Investment activity

At this stage, the question naturally arises: what factors are used to assess the investment potential and investment risk?

Let's start with investment potential. Usually, the following main private potentials are used to evaluate it, each of which is characterized by a whole group of indicators (some are given in brackets):

• 1) resource potential(weighted average endowment with balance reserves of the main types of natural resources, etc.);
• 2) labor potential(the share of the economically active population, the share of the unemployed in the economically active population, the proportion of specialists with higher and secondary education per 10 thousand people of the population, the number of higher educational institutions, the number of teaching staff, the number of postgraduate and doctoral students, etc.);
• 3) production potential(cumulative result of the economic activity of the population in the municipality: the level and structure gross product territories, the share of unprofitable enterprises, the level of industrial production per capita, the share of costs for the reproduction of fixed assets, etc.);
• 4) institutional capacity(the degree of development of the leading institutions of the market economy: the number of credit institutions, their total authorized capital, shares of enterprises with different scales of activity, etc.);
• 5) infrastructure potential(infrastructural security of the municipality, etc.);
• 6) financial potential(the volume of the tax base and the profitability of enterprises in the region, etc.);
• 7) consumer potential(total purchasing power of the population, etc.).

With regard to investment risk, the following aspects are evaluated here:

• 1) economic risk(growth rate of gross municipal product, growth rate of industrial output, growth rate of investment in fixed assets, etc.);
• 2) financial risk(the ratio of revenues and expenditures of the budgets of municipalities per capita, the ratio of the amount of profit and loss of organizations per organization, etc.);
• 3) political risk(degree of political stability);
• 4) environmental risk(level of environmental pollution);
• 5) criminal risk(the level of crime in the municipality);
• 6) social risk(the level of social tension: the proportion of people with incomes below the subsistence level, the coefficient of differentiation of the population, etc.);
• 7) legislative risk(degree of efficiency of investment legislation).

The last component is investment activity- includes an indicator of the volume of investment in fixed capital per capita, the growth rate of investment in fixed capital per capita.

As for ways to increase investment attractiveness, it is obvious that it can be achieved by increasing the investment potential and/or investment activity, or by reducing investment risk. It is important to note that you can manipulate all three components simultaneously, or by choosing a different combination of them.

Now let's figure out which of the above is better manageable (manipulating), and which is worse, and with what measures you can achieve the desired result.

1. Investment potential. It includes seven components, of which, due to the prevailing natural conditions it is impossible to influence the resource and raw material potential.

In the short term, it is very difficult to influence labor potential, since, for example, it is hardly possible to quickly change the structure of the economically active population or somehow force a middle-aged person to go to higher education. As an event to change the situation in the long term in order to increase the number of higher educational institutions, faculty, as well as postgraduate and doctoral students, local authorities could engage in social advertising (in the broad sense, including their own example), promoting the prestige be an educated person, etc. And in order to change the structure of the economically active population, first of all, new jobs are needed, with a salary that meets the expectations of the current unemployed. But here we find ourselves in a vicious circle, since certain investments are needed to create those very jobs.

It is also extremely difficult to influence the production potential within the municipality. On the one hand, it is possible to help current enterprises, etc., by making tax breaks, but then the budget will miss certain revenues.

With regard to institutional capacity, here it is necessary to assess the number of credit institutions and their total authorized capital for sufficiency within a particular municipality. If their number is not enough, then, using his status, the head of the municipality could talk with representatives of credit organizations that do not yet have offices in the municipality, with a view to developing this new “territory”, perhaps even with the provision of certain preferences.

Also here can be attributed in general the "investment legislation" of the region and the municipality. Indeed, when choosing an investment object, the investor will always take into account the guarantees and preferences provided by a particular municipality. If such normative legal acts have not yet been created, then this misunderstanding must be corrected, starting from the regional level and ending with a specific municipality.

In terms of infrastructure potential, in particular, a developed road and transport system, it will be difficult for the municipality to do something "on its own" - without the help of regional authorities, and sometimes federal ones, this is not enough. However, speaking of difficulties, we are not talking about impossibility.

The financial potential includes the volume of the tax base, the profitability of enterprises, etc. As we understand, local authorities are practically powerless here, because, as mentioned earlier, serious shifts in the tax base begin after the inflow of investment funds.

Manipulate consumer potential - total purchasing power of the population, in principle, it is possible, by placing wholesalers and retailers, representatives of the service sector in more or less profitable terms compared to the current moment, which will necessarily affect the final cost of goods, works, services sold. Consequently, end users will be able to purchase either more or less for the same money.

2. Investment risk. If manipulations with investment potential might seem problematic and difficult to implement, then it is much easier for local authorities to manage investment risk, which consists of seven components.

The most difficult to eliminate is the economic risk, since the local authorities have very few levers to control the growth rate of the gross municipal product, the volume of industrial output, etc.

Concerning financial risk, then here local governments are almost completely in control of the situation and can, if necessary, adjust the value of such important indicator as the ratio of budget revenues and expenditures per capita.

The degree of political stability in the municipality is also manageable (primarily from the regional level), however, it is possible that local authorities, in agreement with the regional authorities, should maintain informal continuity and follow the intended course in order to maintain a high stability indicator.

Environmental risk is measured by the level of environmental pollution. Often, due to the prevailing circumstances, on the territory of the municipality there is an enterprise that heavily pollutes the environment. Closing it would be economic suicide, and would be beyond the powers of local governments. However, to influence, including informally, the managers in terms of equipping the plant / production with modern filters, etc., coupled with the timely replacement of such consumables, seems quite appropriate.

Let us now turn briefly to the criminal risk. Obviously, to reduce the level of crime in the municipality, actively interacting with law enforcement agencies, it will be within the power and capabilities of local authorities.

As for social risk, here local governments are able to maintain the level of social tension at an acceptable value. But it should also be taken into account that a strong differentiation of the population by income can radically change the situation, and here the local authorities are likely to be powerless.

Turning to legislative risk, we note that it is determined by the degree of effectiveness of investment legislation. Thus, it is not enough just to prepare, for example, a plan for the investment development of the territory - it is necessary that all its postulates be expertly verified, and there would be no doubts about the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed measures. What do I need to do? Invite investment experts, economists, in a word, knowledgeable people, to assist local authorities in writing appropriate investment doctrines.

Coming to the last component of investment attractiveness - investment activity- it should be noted that it simply reflects the current volumes and growth rates of investment in the municipality. Obviously, it is influenced by the very investments that we want to attract, pursuing an increase in the investment attractiveness of the municipality - thus, we fall into a vicious circle and decide not to consider measures to increase the indicator of investment activity due to the senselessness of such a procedure.

Concluding the consideration of the fifth element, I would like to note that in theoretical terms, increasing investment attractiveness is work on each of its components in terms of increasing (investment potential) or decreasing (investment risk) the value of specific indicators. It follows from this that, for example, reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, reducing the proportion of people with incomes below the subsistence level and creating favorable tax conditions for investors (of course, with varying degrees of significance) increase investment attractiveness municipality.

In conclusion of this part of the work, it is necessary to indicate the fact that the development of the economy of municipalities, and, consequently, its growth consists of a set of procedures that follow from the direction of each of the five elements (within the framework of the "Western approach"). Sometimes it even seems that the participation of local governments in the economy can be excessive. But the most important thing is not to forget that the essence of the activities of these bodies is not to directly manage the business, but to provide entrepreneurs with the opportunity to engage in them and support entrepreneurs by reducing obstacles to their activities.

The main indicators of the development of the economy of municipalities

In the first half of the 2000s in Russia, a group of researchers implemented the project "Urban barometer" Vetrov G.Yu., Vizgalov D.V., Shanin A.A., Shevyrova N.I. Indicators of socio-economic development of municipalities. M., Fund "Institute of City Economics", 2002., in preparation for which an extensive list of indicators and indicators of socio-economic development of municipalities was prepared. The list consists of blocks (1st level of the list) and sub-blocks (2nd level), which are based on specific indicators (3rd level):

• 1. Standard of living.
• 1.1. Demographics:
• 1.1.1 Population growth.
• 1.1.2 Fertility.
• 1.1.3 Mortality.
• 1.1.4 Number of arrivals.
• 1.1.5 Number of departures.
• 1.2. Population income:
• 1.2.1 The ratio of the average per capita income and the subsistence minimum.
• 1.2.2 The ratio of the average wage and the subsistence minimum.
• 1.2.3 Share of the population with average per capita income below the subsistence level.
• 2. Economic base of the municipality.
• 2.1 Manufacturing sector:
• 2.1.1 Growth in industrial output.
• 2.1.2 Growth in agricultural output.
• 2.2. Employment:
• 2.2.1. Growth in the number of employed.
• 2.2.2 The share of people employed in TSV in the economy of the municipality.
• 2.2.3 Unemployment rate.
• 2.3. small business:
• 2.3.1 Share of employed in small business in total strength employed.
• 2.3.2 Growth in the number of people employed in small businesses.
• 2.3.3 Increase in the number of small enterprises.
• 2.4. Investment activities:
• 2.4.1 Investments in fixed capital from all sources of financing per 1 inhabitant.
• 2.4.2 Increase in the volume of investments in fixed capital from all sources of financing.
• 2.4.3 Share of investments from own funds in fixed assets.
• 3. municipal finance, non-residential real estate and land use.
• 3.1. Budget:
• 3.1.1 Share of tax revenues from the largest taxpayer in own income.
• 3.1.2 Share of tax revenues from the top two large taxpayers in their own income.
• 3.1.3 Share of own revenues in municipal budget revenues.
• 3.1.4 The share of tax revenues in the own revenues of the municipal budget.
• 3.1.5 Budget deficit.
• 3.2. Municipal non-residential property and land use:
• 3.2.1 Presence of a register of municipal non-residential real estate.
• 3.2.2 Availability of the concept of management of municipal real estate.
• 3.2.3 The share of income from non-residential municipal real estate (funds received in the form of rent for the temporary use of municipal non-residential real estate) in own income.
• 3.2.4 The share of income from non-residential municipal real estate (funds received from the transfer of real estate, which is in municipal ownership, in trust management) in own income.
• 3.2.5 The share of income from the sale of non-residential real estate, which is in municipal ownership in own income.
• 4. Services and urban economy.
• 4.1. Housing and its availability:
• 4.1.1 Provision of housing.
• 4.1.2 Entering new housing.
• 4.1.3 Share of dilapidated housing stock in total housing stock.
• 4.2. Department of Housing and Utilities:
• 4.2.1 The established level of payment by the population for housing and communal services.
• 4.2.2 The actual level of payment by the population for housing and communal services.
• 4.2.3 Actual level budget financing housing and communal services.
• 4.2.4 The cost of housing and communal services.
• 4.2.5 The maximum share of citizens' own expenses for housing and communal services in the total family income.
• 4.2.6 Percentage of families receiving housing subsidies.
• 4.3. Public utilities:
• 4.3.1 Domestic heat supply.
• 4.3.2 Domestic water supply.
• 4.3.3 Domestic wastewater.
• 4.3.4 Hot water supply.
• 4.4. Transport services:
• 4.4.1 Density of the route network of passenger transport in the municipality.
• 4.4.2 Specific gravity preferential categories passengers in the total volume of passenger traffic of public passenger transport enterprises (intracity, suburban and intercity).
• 4.4.3 The established tariff for 1 trip on passenger transport on intracity, suburban and intercity routes separately for trams, trolleybuses, buses, fixed-route taxis and metro.
• 4.4.4 Share of transportation operating costs covered by fares (intracity, suburban and intercity routes separately for trams, trolleybuses, buses, fixed-route taxis and metro).
• 4.5. Communication and information services:
• 4.5.1 Number of registered home telephones per 1000 inhabitants.
• 4.5.2 Number of newspapers and magazines sold and delivered per 1000 inhabitants.
• 4.5.3 Number of received TV programs.
• 4.6. Consumer services and catering:
• 4.6.1 Volume of household services per person.
• 4.6.2 Number of catering establishments per 1000 inhabitants.
• 4.7. Cultural and educational service:
• 4.7.1 Number of operating objects of cultural and educational services per 1000 inhabitants.
• 4.7.2 The proportion of students in music and art schools, sports clubs from all children under 18 years of age.
• 4.8. Social protection:
• 4.8.1 Budget security under the section "social policy" per capita.
• 4.8.2 Provision of citizens in need (registered with social protection authorities) with the services of social protection institutions (stationary and non-stationary institutions for the elderly, disabled and children).
• 4.8.3 Proportion of low-income citizens registered with the social protection authorities, out of all residents.
• 4.9. healthcare:
• 4.9.1 Provision of the population with places in hospitals for inpatient treatment.
• 4.9.2 Provision of the population with the services of outpatient clinics.
• 4.9.3 Number of doctors per 10,000 people.
• 4.10. Education:
• 4.10.1 Provision of preschool children with places in preschool institutions.
• 4.10.2 The load on one teacher in preschool institutions.
• 4.11. landscaping:
• 4.11.1 Area landscaped for a certain period from total area municipal formation requiring improvement and gardening.
• 4.11.2 The area of ​​green spaces from the entire area of ​​the city.
• 4.11.3 The length of illuminated roads from the total length of roads requiring lighting.
• 4.12. Order protection:
• 4.12.1 Number of municipal policing employees per 1,000 inhabitants.
• 4.12.2 Share of grave and especially grave crimes out of all registered crimes.
• 4.13. Recreational sphere:
• 4.13.1 Area of ​​landscape gardening areas per 1000 inhabitants.
• 4.13.2 Number of sports and health facilities (pools, ski lodges, etc.) 10,000 inhabitants.
• 4.14. Trade:
• 4.13.1 Retail turnover per 1 inhabitant.
• 4.13.2 Number of retail trade organizations (shops, stalls) per 1000 inhabitants.
• 4.13.3 Number of trade places in clothing, mixed and food markets per 1000 inhabitants.

Thus, a solid pool of indicators and indicators of the socio-economic development of municipalities was identified, some of which will be used in the next part of the work for analysis.