Make an estimate using the resource method in the adept program. Methodology for drawing up and calculating estimates. Methods for determining the estimated cost of construction products in market conditions

Resource budgeting method seems to be the most promising. Moreover, the reliability of the cost is higher. The resource method of budgeting is to sum up the cost of all resources required for both construction and repair. The customer and the contractor, as a rule, have the same goal, but in construction they have different roles. The customer needs to get quality work done at the best cost, and the contractor is interested in organizing the work and performing the work.

In other words, this method, which is based on the calculation of the real price of all cost elements of the estimate, is called resource. The resource method of budgeting was introduced into the pricing system in our country in the early nineties as the most accurate in the face of continuous price increases.

Resource method for calculating estimates is based on the fact that there are three main types of construction work, including the working time of builders, the time of operation of machines and mechanisms, the consumption of basic materials and building structures.

Based on this, the estimated cost of work is calculated by summing up the salaries of workers, the costs of materials, products and building structures, as well as the operation of construction machines.

Differences between the resource method of drawing up estimates from the base-index.

In contrast to the basic-index method of calculation, the cost of the elements of the cost estimate is based on the real prices of resources and wages of workers during construction, repair or reconstruction. The calculation of the estimate by the resource method is made according to design and regulatory data on the need for materials and products, methods of their delivery, transportation distances and the time of using construction machines, the need for electricity and labor costs of workers. The GESN-2001 collections are used as an estimate and normative base. Calculation of the cost by the basis-index method based on 2001 base prices using indices of the estimated cost change to the current price level.

The resource-based costing method is based on current prices of all types of resources and most reliably reflects the real cost of construction at any stage. In addition, with further price changes, the resource estimated cost can be recalculated. Meanwhile, for the widespread use of the resource method of drawing up estimates, there are a number of difficulties.

Difficulties in using the resource method of budgeting.

In resource-based costing, the estimated cost is often lower than the actual cost of the contractor.

In view of the greatest labor intensity and a significant amount of estimates (a thorough analysis of the cost of construction resources is required), to speed up the process of their preparation, it is required to use computers and special programs, incl. "Grand Smeta", "Smeta.ru", etc.

When calculating resource estimates, it is impossible to fully determine the costs at the construction design stage.

Due to the presence of inflation, resource estimates must be constantly recalculated, which is quite laborious and complicates the customer's control of the cost of construction work.

The above problems lead, as a rule, to the presence of a less laborious method of making estimates - the base-index.

Using the resource method of budgeting

Within the pricing reforms the resource method of drawing up estimates is the most promising, designed to ensure the greatest reliability in determining the price of construction.

The basis for determining the cost of construction resources will be the Federal State Information System for Pricing in Construction (FSIS TsS).

In 2018, according to the plan of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, a three-year pricing reform in construction will be completed. At the moment, a transition has been made to the provision of state examination services in electronic form, information resources in the field of construction have been created and are being formed - FSIS TsS, GIS USRZ and ISOGD. The priority tasks remain to reduce the time for issuing construction permits and to introduce the resource method of estimate calculations.

The formation of a single information space, together with all participants in the construction industry, will continue until the introduction of information modeling technologies by 2020. After that, a new industry standard will be approved.

The transfer of the construction industry to modern digital technologies will simplify control over the entire life cycle of construction projects. In general, this is being done in order to significantly increase the volume of commissioning of comfortable housing. A systematic solution to the housing problem, along with the reform of health care and education systems, is a strategic task set by the President of Russia.

The resource method implies the use of the real cost of the elements included in the price and estimate as a whole.

The disadvantages of the resource method include the following:

• significant laboriousness in the preparation of estimates;
• an increase in the printed volume of estimate documentation;
• the total cost of the estimate will be constant throughout the quarter (provided that the cost of resources is accepted by the FSIS CA) and will not always have time to take into account fluctuations in the real cost of resources in the market;
• the recalculation of the estimate into the price level for subsequent quarters will take much longer. And if you publish an estimated volume with thirty or forty estimates, you will spend a lot of time, since you will have to interrupt the prices of all resources, and not just change the conversion indices in the consolidated estimate;
• difficulties in accounting for complicating factors affecting wages and machine operation;
• incomplete accounting of non-standardized resources in the HESN collections.

The main and, perhaps, the only one advantage of the resource method is its higher accuracy.

The base-index method is based on the application of the averaged indices of conversion to the current price level to the prices. It is simpler and more familiar, less labor-intensive.

When converted to current prices, an adequate cost is not always obtained, especially for precast concrete products, metal structures and many building materials. Also, the existing base does not have such a wide range of materials for installation, as required by modern technologies, standards and customer requests. Because of this, problems arise when closing certificates of work performed and losses are inevitable, both from contractors, who, by investing their funds, simply cannot return them in full, and from customers who cannot plan costs and budget funds , plan out their spending.

And as MDS 11-18.2005 tells us: “Amendments to the working documentation that caused a change in the cost of construction by more than ten percent, as well as a significant change in the fundamental, previously approved construction solutions, serve as the basis for revising the estimate (consolidated estimate of the cost) and re-approval design and estimate documentation ", which promises additional material and time costs for both sides of the design and construction process, especially if it is carried out" on wheels ".

Consider an example: two estimates with unit volumes, excluding overhead costs and estimated profit. One was made according to the TER of the Republic of Crimea using the basic-index method using the CMP index \u003d 6.6 for the 2nd quarter of 2017. (approved by the Ministry of Construction of Russia), and the second by the resource method with the cost of resources adopted according to the Compilation of average estimated prices for June 2017, which is quarterly developed by the State Autonomous Institution "Regional center for pricing in construction and the building materials industry" of the Republic of Crimea. Please note that these resource packs are not included in the Federal Register of Estimated Standards.

Picture 1.

Figure 2.

If we assume that the cost of resources is approved in the prescribed manner, it can be seen that the cost of the estimate for the HPP is more adequate to the situation on the market. You can also see that in the printed volume it will take a couple of A4 sheets of landscape orientation, and I spent about 40 minutes compiling it while looking for resource costs manually in printed collections.

The estimate for TEP took me 8 minutes, I deliberately disclosed the resource part so that the cost of resources on the TEP base, which the program sets itself, could be seen.

Of course, the software developers will automatically download the resources, but for each collection of resources, the estimator will have to pay at least once a quarter, even if he just needs to recalculate the already made estimate for the current moment.

• The procedure for drawing up object estimates (OS)
  
• The procedure for drawing up summary estimate calculations (SSR)
  

Supplement to section " The procedure for drawing up local estimates (estimate calculations) "

Process ( net resource method ) this is laborious, time-consuming.

The resource method for determining the cost is carried out by calculation in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of resources (cost elements) necessary for the implementation of the design solution.

The calculation is carried out on the basis of the need expressed in natural terms:

• in materials, products, structures,
• data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site,
• energy consumption for technological purposes,
• operating time of construction machines and their composition,
• labor costs of workers.

These resources are allocated from the composition of design materials, various regulatory and other sources.

The resource method assumes the calculation of all resources, i emphasize again, all without exception. Everything to the nail and tow. Wherein net resource method determination of cost can only be in the organization performing these works, that is, contractor, because only he has accounting data on the value of all material resources used in the work performed, wages prevailing in the organization and rent of construction machines or the cost of operating his equipment.

The method of drawing up estimates using the resource method was developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia in 1992 and put into effect by letter of November 10, 1992 No. BF-926/12.

State Elemental Estimated Norms (GESN) are designed to determine the composition and requirements for material, technical and labor resources necessary for the performance of construction, installation, repair and construction and commissioning works.

HPES are used to determine the estimated cost of work performed using the resource method, development of unit prices for various purposes (federal, territorial, industry, corporate) and consolidated estimated standards.

GESN collections are used to determine direct costs as part of the estimated cost of construction using the resource method, the development of unit prices, individual and aggregated estimated standards (prices) used in construction.

Resource indicators obtained on the basis of HESN are used in the development of construction organization projects (PIC) and work production projects (PPR), to determine the duration of work, draw up technological documentation and various analytical goals.
Resource indicators obtained on the basis of HESN can serve as the basis for production rates of material consumption and their write-off.

To draw up investor estimates and calculations, various methods can be used, among which the resource method is a priority. It is applied in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Construction of Russia. The resource method is a calculation in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of resources (cost elements) required to implement a design solution. The calculation is based on the demand expressed in natural meters for materials, products, structures (including auxiliary ones), data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site, energy consumption for technological purposes, the operating time of construction machines and their composition, labor costs of workers ...

State elementary estimate standards GESN-2001 are part of the intersectoral system of documents in construction.

The composition of the state elementary estimate norms includes:

• collections of state elementary estimates for construction and special construction work (HPES);
• collections of state elementary estimates for repair and construction work (HPPNr);
• collections of State Elemental Estimated Standards for Equipment Installation (HPESM);
• compilations of State Elemental Estimated Norms for Commissioning (HPES).

For special technological equipment, ministries, departments and other sectoral structures are developing departmental elementary standards for commissioning (VESNp).

The HESN collections reflect the average industry level of construction production for the adopted equipment and technology for performing work and can be used by organizations, customers and contractors, regardless of their departmental affiliation and forms of ownership.

Hydroelectric power stations do not apply to individual structures and types of work, the capital, accuracy class and quality of which are subject to increased requirements, as well as types of work in mountainous areas, performed at an altitude of more than 3500 m above sea level. For such types of work, individual elementary estimate norms are developed, or correction factors taking into account the corresponding features of the work.

The HESN collections contain a technical part, introductory instructions to sections, tables of estimated standards and annexes. In the technical parts, instructions are given on the procedure for applying collections of estimate norms, coefficients to estimate norms, taking into account the conditions of work, as well as the rules for calculating the volume of work.

The HPES tables contain the following standard indicators:

• labor costs of workers (builders, assemblers), in man-hours;
• average grade of work (link of workers);
• labor costs of drivers, in man-hours;
• the composition and duration of operation of construction machines, mechanisms, devices, power tools in machine-h;
• a list of materials, products, structures used in the production process, and their consumption in physical (natural) units.

Taking into account the specific features of commissioning (commissioning), the following are given in the HESP collections:

• information on the composition of the link (brigade) of performers of commissioning (number, specialties of engineers and workers);
• labor costs per unit as a whole, in man-hours;

The following resource indicators are not indicated in the tables of estimated HESNp norms:

• consumption of material (including energy) resources, raw materials and semi-finished products used during the commissioning;
• labor costs of operating personnel involved in the start-up and complex testing of equipment;
• application of mechanisms, incl. instrumentation.

The indicated costs are determined based on design data.

On the basis of GESN, estimated prices are developed for construction work and structures, equipment installation, as well as for repair and construction and commissioning, which are combined into collections of unit prices (EP).

The EP compilations are developed at the basic price level (as of January 1, 2000) and are an integral part of the pricing and estimated rationing system in construction operating in the Russian Federation.
Unit prices from the EP collections are intended to determine direct costs in the estimate documentation and to develop consolidated estimate norms for structures and types of work.

The EP collections for construction (repair) work, equipment installation and commissioning, according to the level of application, are divided into federal (FER), territorial (hereinafter - TEP) and industry (hereinafter - OEP).

Materials, products and designs are presented in tables of estimated standards for a generalized nomenclature, as a rule, without specifying brands and additional characteristics. When drawing up estimates, specific material resources are taken into account based on project data. For individual materials, products and structures, the consumption of which depends on the design solutions (cable, wires, pipes, metal structures, etc.), only the names are indicated in the tables of estimated norms, and in the columns the consumption is indicated by the symbol "P". When drawing up the estimate documentation, the consumption of these material resources is determined according to the design data, taking into account the intractable losses and waste.

The resource-index method provides for a combination of the resource method with a system of indices for resources used in construction.

Features of the use of resource and resource-index methods

When using the resource (resource-index) method as the initial data for determining direct costs in local estimate calculations (estimates), the following resource indicators are distinguished:

• labor intensity of work (man-hours) to determine the amount of remuneration for workers performing the relevant work and serving construction machines;
• time of use of construction machines (machine-h);
• consumption of materials, products (parts) and structures (in accepted physical units of measurement: m3, m2, t, etc.).

To allocate resource indicators, GESN-2001 can be used, design materials (as part of projects, RD) on the required resources, including:

material requirement lists (hereinafter - VM) and summary lists of material needs (hereinafter - SVM), compiled separately for structures, products and parts (specifications) and for other building materials necessary for the production of construction, special construction and installation work on the basis of state element estimated norms;

data on the labor costs of workers and the time of using construction machines given in the section of the project "Organization of construction" (in the project of organization of construction - POS, in the project of organization of work - ERP or in the project of production of work - PPR).

Determination of the estimated operating costs of construction machines

As part of local estimate calculations (estimates), the costs of operating construction machines are determined based on the data on the time of use (standard requirement) of the required machines (machine-h) and the corresponding price of 1 machine-hour of machine operation.

The normative need for construction machines can be determined on the basis of the allocation and summation in the local resource sheet or in the local resource estimate calculation (estimate) of resource indicators for machines used at the facility (when performing work), with a comparison of the results obtained with the data of the POS (POCR) or PPR with the choice of the most acceptable option for the user.

It is recommended to determine the cost of operating construction machines:
at the basic price level - according to the collection of estimated norms and prices for the operation of construction machines and vehicles;
at the current price level - on the basis of information on current (forecast) prices for the operation of construction machines.

Information on the current prices for the operation of construction machines can be obtained from the regional authorities for pricing in construction, from contractors for construction and installation organizations, trusts (departments) of mechanization or other organizations that have construction equipment at their disposal.
To determine the cost of 1 machine-hour operation of construction machines by calculation, the methods given in Appendix No. 3 to this Methodology can be used.

The current level of estimated prices for the operation of the corresponding type of construction machines can be determined on the basis of the base level of prices given in the collection of estimated norms and prices for the operation of construction machines and vehicles, and indices of changes in the cost of machines, calculated on the basis of available information on current prices for operation machines. In this case, both direct counting (by calculation) and the method of unified resource and technological models (RTM) for the corresponding groups of machines, which provide data on the need for resources, and the basic cost estimate of these resources, compared with the current price level, can be used ...

Determination of the estimated cost of material resources

As part of local estimate calculations (estimates), the cost of material resources is determined based on data on the normative need for materials, products (parts) and structures (in physical units: m3, m2, t, etc.) and the corresponding price for the type of material resource. The cost of material resources is included in the estimate documentation, regardless of who purchased them.

The normative need for material resources can be determined by:

• based on the allocation and summation in local resource sheets or in local resource estimate calculations (estimates) of resource indicators for materials, products (parts) and structures used in the construction of an object (performance of work), with a comparison of the results obtained with data from design materials (statements material needs - VM, summary sheets of materials - SVM) and the choice of the most acceptable option for users;
• by design materials (project or RD): VM and SVM, as well as specifications as part of the RD.

The cost of material resources can be determined:

• in the basic price level - according to collections (catalogs) of estimated prices for materials, products and structures - federal, territorial (regional) and industry;
• at the current price level - at the actual cost of materials, products and structures, taking into account transport and procurement and storage costs, margins (markups), commissions paid to supplying foreign economic organizations, payment for services of commodity exchanges, including brokerage services, customs duties.

Determination of current prices for material resources for a specific construction site is carried out on the basis of initial data received from the contractor, as well as suppliers and manufacturing organizations.

In order to analyze the provided initial data and select the optimal and justified indicators of cost, construction participants are recommended to monitor prices for material resources.

For the products of natural monopolies, prices and tariffs are applied at which state regulation is carried out, including tariffs for electric and thermal energy, tariffs for rail, river and sea transportation, etc.

The cost of imported products (equipment, materials, products and structures) is determined, as a rule, by purchases made by organizations in the prescribed manner.

The free (market) price, as a rule, consists of:

• foreign trade (contract) price (customs value), including expenses in foreign currency for the delivery of products to the Russian border, converted into rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in effect on the date of acceptance of the cargo customs declaration for customs clearance;
• customs payments, consisting of customs duties, fees for customs clearance, and other customs payments established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• other purchase, transportation and sales costs attributable to costs, including transportation costs, insurance payments, storage costs, handling costs, commissions to intermediaries, sales costs;
• value added tax (VAT).

Taking into account that VAT is provided for in the consolidated estimate after the total of chapters 1-12, VAT in the cost of material resources is not taken into account as part of local estimates.

The cost calculation (statement) of the current estimated prices for materials, products and structures is compiled by cost elements.

Funds for paying for the transportation of heavy cargo are included in the cost of materials, products and structures (in the cost of transport services).

To draw up investment estimates, it is recommended, based on data from contractor construction and installation organizations and the results of statistical observations on prices for building materials, parts and structures in each region, at least once a quarter to develop and constantly maintain in working order on a computer basis regional statements of current estimated prices for materials, products and structures.

Also, statements can be compiled for specialized construction and for construction prices generated for individual large construction projects.

Selling prices for products, materials and semi-finished products (concrete, mortar, bitumen, asphalt and black crushed stone mixtures, road bitumen emulsions, trees and shrubs, seedlings, sod and vegetable soil, etc.), manufactured in building conditions, are determined by calculations.

The calculations, in addition to the costs of preparing materials and semi-finished products, take into account other costs associated with their preparation (overhead costs), the required profit, taxes and fees charged in accordance with applicable law. In the calculations, other (overhead) costs and profits are calculated from the means of remuneration of workers.

The resource estimate is beneficial to both the customer and the contractor. First of all, because it does not allow you to deceive either one or the other. After all, the customer and the contractor are not enemies, but allies, they strive for the same result - to build "Two banks at one river".

Currently, there is a lot of talk about the spread of the resource method ( net resource method ) drawing up estimates for the construction of facilities. Interest in this is due to the absence in most regions of the Russian Federation of a modern estimate and normative base containing estimated norms and prices that allow to determine with high reliability the cost of work performed using new materials, modern construction equipment and technologies. Therefore, the Gosstroy of Russia is strongly promoting the resource method of budgeting.

The program will give you the opportunity to make estimates using the resource method, without waiting for the Regional Pricing Centers to draw up and approve last year's prices, and then come up with (let's not be afraid of this word) indices for them.

Gosstroy of Russia gives you the right to use the hydroelectric power station for drawing up estimates using the resource method. At the present stage, there is an effective mechanism to use this right.

Only a resource estimate can make the customer and the contractor allies.

The resource estimate also allows determining the competence of the contractor. If the contractor refuses to work in the resource estimate, then the question immediately arises: "How will he carry out the production of work at the facility, if he cannot state the technology for the production of these works on paper?"

I.V. Dedov, A.I. Pochufarov

MDS 81.35-2004 - clause 3.28. With the resource method of determining the cost, the calculation is carried out in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of the resources (cost elements) necessary for the implementation of the design solution. The calculation is based on the demand expressed in natural meters for materials, products, structures, data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site, energy consumption for technological purposes, operating time of construction machines and their composition, labor costs of workers. These resources are allocated from the composition of design materials, various regulatory and other sources.

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According to the methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation (MDS 81-35.2004), the following methods can be used to determine the estimated cost of construction:

- resource;

- resource-index;

- basic index;

- on the basis of enlarged estimate standards, including a databank on the cost of previously built or designed analogue facilities.

The main methods used at the present time are the base-index and resource.

Resource method - this is a calculation in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of resources (cost elements) required for the implementation of the design solution (Figure 5.9). The calculation is based on the demand expressed in natural meters for materials, products, structures, data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site, energy consumption for technological purposes, operating time of construction machines and their composition, labor costs of workers. These resources are allocated from the composition of design materials, various regulatory and other sources.

To highlight resource indicators, data from GESN-2001 can be used, design materials (as part of projects, working documentation) on the required resources, including:

- bill of materials requirements (BM) and summary bill of materials requirements (CBM), compiled separately for structures, products and parts (specifications) and for other building materials necessary for the production of construction, special construction and installation work on the basis of state element estimate standards;

- data on labor costs of workers and the time of using construction machines, produced in the section of the project "Organization of construction" (in the project of organization of construction - POS, in the project of organization of work - ERP or in the project of production of work - PPR).

Resource index method is a combination of the resource method with a system of cost indices for resources used in construction.

The cost indices (prices, costs) in construction are the ratio of the current (forecast) cost indicators to the basic cost indicators for resources comparable in nomenclature and structure, resource sets or resource-technological models of construction products, as well as its individual calculation components.

Indices are expressed in base units.

Indices are used both in determining the cost of construction at certain stages of the investment process, and in settlements between customers and contractors for work performed.

Figure 5.6 Resource budgeting method

Base-index method - this is the use of a system of current and forecast price indices in relation to the value determined at the base level or at the current level of the previous period (Fig. 5.7).

The practice of determining the estimated cost of capital construction of facilities by region shows that this method is the main one.

Figure: 5.7 Baseline - index method of developing estimates

Indexing - taking into account the factor of the rise in the cost of construction in relation to the base level caused by inflation. The system of current and forecast indices is used to determine the cost of construction at various stages of the investment process.

Regional centers for pricing in construction (RCCS) establish monthly (or quarterly) regional indices for the respective subjects of the federation.

Indices can be used to recalculate the base value into current (forecast) prices:

- to items of direct costs (for the complex or for the forks of construction and installation works);

- to the results of direct costs or the total estimated cost by type of construction and installation work;

- by branches of the national economy.

The index consists of integers and two decimal places. To link unit rates to local construction conditions, it is allowed to develop and apply territorial coefficients to federal unit rates (FER-2001).

Method of using value banks previously constructed or designed objects - this is the use of cost data for buildings and structures, similar to the project at the moment.

The contractor, who discovered during the construction work that was not taken into account by the technical documentation and in this regard the need to bring additional work and an increase in the estimated cost of construction, is obliged to inform the customer about this.

The customer has the right to make changes to the technical documentation, provided that the additional work caused by this does not change the nature of the work provided for in the building contract.

This method is used, as a rule, to determine the cost of construction of facilities at the pre-design stage.

The planned cost for the performance of any work is included in the estimates. Wrongly composed from a legal point of view, the document will not be accepted for consideration. If economic mistakes are made, then the actual cost of the object will be very different from the calculated one. What methods are used to calculate the cost of work?

A bit of history

In 2008, the government of the Russian Federation approved the requirements for the preparation of project documentation. Then the resource and base-index methods of budgeting were legalized. Later, other costing methods were developed and implemented. Let's consider them in more detail.

Basic method

It provides for the use of norms (FER, TEP) at forecast prices, taking into account indices. Bringing costs is carried out by multiplying the cost items by the corresponding index (rate). The basic method determines the current cost of work.

Rates can be multiplied by:

• General estimate. This method is used to define one type of work.
• For each item of expenditure. If the estimate consists of several stages (repair, installation, etc.), then a separate index is applied to each type of work.
• Elements of direct costs. The rate is applied to each item of the rate. The results are then summarized to determine the total cost estimate.

Estimate \u003d (salary x tariff + operation of machines x tariff + materials x tariff) x amount of work.

This methodology allows you to roughly calculate the construction prices on average for the region, since the cost of resources is determined based on the monthly calculation of the weighted average prices carried out by the CSO at the regional level. This technique allows investors to focus on reasonable costs.

Other methods

Budgeting provides for the calculation of resources at current prices and tariffs. The calculation is based on the need for materials, the cost of delivery and installation of equipment.

The resource-index method of budgeting is used in construction. It is a combination of a resource method and an index system. It was developed in the early 90s of the last century with the aim of planning in the face of inflation. Its advantage is the correct calculation of the cost of work and the ability to use real prices. Due to its high complexity, this method is less popular than the basic one.

In the method of hardened standards, data from previous similar projects are taken as the basis for calculations.

If the compensation method is used, then the price of work, calculated in basic prices, includes additional costs associated with changes in resource rates. These costs are specified during the design and construction process. The customer will reimburse all the actual costs of the contractors, provided that they are confirmed. These include:

• overspending materials;
• low labor productivity;
• intermediary services.

This method does not allow you to compare prices with optimal (market average) prices. The contractor will benefit from an object with a high material consumption. He will no longer want to use new technology, progressive construction methods.

Resource budgeting method: description

The calculation is carried out in the current prices of the cost elements required for the implementation of the project. The calculation takes into account the cost of resources, logistics information (distance and methods of delivery of materials), energy consumption, equipment operating time.

In the process of calculations, the following indicators are distinguished:

• labor intensity of work (man-h) required to determine the amount of remuneration;
• the number of hours of equipment operation;
• consumables.

The calculation is carried out according to the data of the specification of products and parts - a statement, which indicates the rate of resource use for the manufacture of a unit of production. The resource method of compiling local estimates is based on the real cost of materials. Despite the high accuracy of calculations, this method is rarely used due to the large amount of time required for the calculation. In addition, it is very difficult to justify the market price of the resource.

The classic resource method of making estimates implies a calculation according to the following formula:

Cost \u003d labor intensity x cost per person / hour + number of mash / hour x cost of mash / hour + number of materials x cost.

Advantages and disadvantages

The issue of estimated pricing in construction has always been taken seriously. The increase in requirements on the part of investors, especially government customers, for the quality of documentation and accuracy of calculations has led to the fact that, in practice, the resource method of budgeting is increasingly used. Since the current is used in the calculation process, the main principle of the state pricing policy is being implemented - the formation of the necessary costs. This method has established itself as the most active and mobile. The customer can see the actual cost of all types of work. You can always assess the impact of certain design decisions.

For the state customer, the resource method of drawing up estimates allows:

• determine the economically justified cost of work;
• calculate the initial price of the state contract for the auction by placing quotations;
• faster to find suppliers, developers and contractors who are ready to fulfill the order at the market price.

Resource-based budgeting: an example

Overhead costs, payroll costs and estimated profit can be broken down separately for each type of work.

Where to get the data?

The resource-index method of budgeting, an example of which was presented earlier, is used at all stages of design. In the process of developing the working documentation and the project, the method of strengthened norms is additionally used.

The estimate is made according to the following data:

• list of required materials;
• list of required work;
• expenses for payment of personnel services;
• the cost of operating the equipment;
• normative profit.

The data of the first three points are entered in the process of drawing up the project documentation. The remaining items of expenditure are calculated based on fixed and variable costs. Material prices include the cost of purchasing from suppliers as well as logistics services. The resources are determined according to the data of the GESN-2001 collections.

As additional sources of information, you can use the local statement (form No. 5). It calculates the need for labor costs (man / h), time of using mechanisms (mash / h), material consumption (in physical meters). The cost of direct costs in the forecast period is calculated based on the resource prices.

Price for government orders

The initial price of the state contract for auctions is calculated by the customer according to the approved project documentation. The customer sends the calculated estimate for examination. The checking organization, according to the estimates and current prices, as of the date of drawing up the document, verifies the compliance of the calculated cost with the current standards. Based on the results of the check, a conclusion is issued on the total cost of the object, calculated in basic prices and at the time of the estimate.

The initial contract price is converted to the inflation index. The indices are developed by the Ministry of Economy of the Russian Federation by industry. The final decision is documented by the protocol of the initial price and approved by the customer. The latter can independently calculate the costs of building an object using the resource method. If a significant difference between the results of calculations by the resource and index methods is determined, then the customer can turn to the investor for the approval of an individual index.

Additional information on this topic HERE.

• The procedure for drawing up object estimates (OS)
  
• The procedure for drawing up summary estimate calculations (SSR)
  

Supplement to section " The procedure for drawing up local estimates (estimate calculations) "

Process ( net resource method ) this is laborious, time-consuming.

The resource method for determining the cost is carried out by calculation in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of resources (cost elements) necessary for the implementation of the design solution.

The calculation is carried out on the basis of the need expressed in natural terms:

• in materials, products, structures,
• data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site,
• energy consumption for technological purposes,
• operating time of construction machines and their composition,
• labor costs of workers.

These resources are allocated from the composition of design materials, various regulatory and other sources.

The resource method assumes the calculation of all resources, i emphasize again, all without exception. Everything to the nail and tow. Wherein net resource method determination of cost can only be in the organization performing these works, that is, contractor, because only he has accounting data on the value of all material resources used in the work performed, wages prevailing in the organization and rent of construction machines or the cost of operating his equipment.

The method of drawing up estimates using the resource method was developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia in 1992 and put into effect by letter of November 10, 1992 No. BF-926/12.

State Elemental Estimated Norms (GESN) are designed to determine the composition and requirements for material, technical and labor resources necessary for the performance of construction, installation, repair and construction and commissioning works.

HPES are used to determine the estimated cost of work performed using the resource method, development of unit prices for various purposes (federal, territorial, industry, corporate) and consolidated estimated standards.

GESN collections are used to determine direct costs as part of the estimated cost of construction using the resource method, the development of unit prices, individual and aggregated estimated standards (prices) used in construction.

Resource indicators obtained on the basis of HESN are used in the development of construction organization projects (PIC) and work production projects (PPR), to determine the duration of work, draw up technological documentation and various analytical goals.
Resource indicators obtained on the basis of HESN can serve as the basis for production rates of material consumption and their write-off.

To draw up investor estimates and calculations, various methods can be used, among which the resource method is a priority. It is applied in accordance with the recommendations of the Ministry of Construction of Russia. The resource method is a calculation in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of resources (cost elements) required to implement a design solution. The calculation is based on the demand expressed in natural meters for materials, products, structures (including auxiliary ones), data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site, energy consumption for technological purposes, the operating time of construction machines and their composition, labor costs of workers ...

State elementary estimate standards GESN-2001 are part of the intersectoral system of documents in construction.

The composition of the state elementary estimate norms includes:

• collections of state elementary estimates for construction and special construction work (HPES);
• collections of state elementary estimates for repair and construction work (HPPNr);
• collections of State Elemental Estimated Standards for Equipment Installation (HPESM);
• compilations of State Elemental Estimated Norms for Commissioning (HPES).

For special technological equipment, ministries, departments and other sectoral structures are developing departmental elementary standards for commissioning (VESNp).

The HESN collections reflect the average industry level of construction production for the adopted equipment and technology for performing work and can be used by organizations, customers and contractors, regardless of their departmental affiliation and forms of ownership.

Hydroelectric power stations do not apply to individual structures and types of work, the capital, accuracy class and quality of which are subject to increased requirements, as well as types of work in mountainous areas, performed at an altitude of more than 3500 m above sea level. For such types of work, individual elementary estimate norms are developed, or correction factors taking into account the corresponding features of the work.

The HESN collections contain a technical part, introductory instructions to sections, tables of estimated standards and annexes. In the technical parts, instructions are given on the procedure for applying collections of estimate norms, coefficients to estimate norms, taking into account the conditions of work, as well as the rules for calculating the volume of work.

The HPES tables contain the following standard indicators:

• labor costs of workers (builders, assemblers), in man-hours;
• average grade of work (link of workers);
• labor costs of drivers, in man-hours;
• the composition and duration of operation of construction machines, mechanisms, devices, power tools in machine-h;
• a list of materials, products, structures used in the production process, and their consumption in physical (natural) units.

Taking into account the specific features of commissioning (commissioning), the following are given in the HESP collections:

• information on the composition of the link (brigade) of performers of commissioning (number, specialties of engineers and workers);
• labor costs per unit as a whole, in man-hours;

The following resource indicators are not indicated in the tables of estimated HESNp norms:

• consumption of material (including energy) resources, raw materials and semi-finished products used during the commissioning;
• labor costs of operating personnel involved in the start-up and complex testing of equipment;
• application of mechanisms, incl. instrumentation.

The indicated costs are determined based on design data.

On the basis of GESN, estimated prices are developed for construction work and structures, equipment installation, as well as for repair and construction and commissioning, which are combined into collections of unit prices (EP).

The EP compilations are developed at the basic price level (as of January 1, 2000) and are an integral part of the pricing and estimated rationing system in construction operating in the Russian Federation.
Unit prices from the EP collections are intended to determine direct costs in the estimate documentation and to develop consolidated estimate norms for structures and types of work.

The EP collections for construction (repair) work, equipment installation and commissioning, according to the level of application, are divided into federal (FER), territorial (hereinafter - TEP) and industry (hereinafter - OEP).

Materials, products and designs are presented in tables of estimated standards for a generalized nomenclature, as a rule, without specifying brands and additional characteristics. When drawing up estimates, specific material resources are taken into account based on project data. For individual materials, products and structures, the consumption of which depends on the design solutions (cable, wires, pipes, metal structures, etc.), only the names are indicated in the tables of estimated norms, and in the columns the consumption is indicated by the symbol "P". When drawing up the estimate documentation, the consumption of these material resources is determined according to the design data, taking into account the intractable losses and waste.

The resource-index method provides for a combination of the resource method with a system of indices for resources used in construction.

Features of the use of resource and resource-index methods

When using the resource (resource-index) method as the initial data for determining direct costs in local estimate calculations (estimates), the following resource indicators are distinguished:

• labor intensity of work (man-hours) to determine the amount of remuneration for workers performing the relevant work and serving construction machines;
• time of use of construction machines (machine-h);
• consumption of materials, products (parts) and structures (in accepted physical units of measurement: m3, m2, t, etc.).

To allocate resource indicators, GESN-2001 can be used, design materials (as part of projects, RD) on the required resources, including:

material requirement lists (hereinafter - VM) and summary lists of material needs (hereinafter - SVM), compiled separately for structures, products and parts (specifications) and for other building materials necessary for the production of construction, special construction and installation work on the basis of state element estimated norms;

data on the labor costs of workers and the time of using construction machines given in the section of the project "Organization of construction" (in the project of organization of construction - POS, in the project of organization of work - ERP or in the project of production of work - PPR).

Determination of the estimated operating costs of construction machines

As part of local estimate calculations (estimates), the costs of operating construction machines are determined based on the data on the time of use (standard requirement) of the required machines (machine-h) and the corresponding price of 1 machine-hour of machine operation.

The normative need for construction machines can be determined on the basis of the allocation and summation in the local resource sheet or in the local resource estimate calculation (estimate) of resource indicators for machines used at the facility (when performing work), with a comparison of the results obtained with the data of the POS (POCR) or PPR with the choice of the most acceptable option for the user.

It is recommended to determine the cost of operating construction machines:
at the basic price level - according to the collection of estimated norms and prices for the operation of construction machines and vehicles;
at the current price level - on the basis of information on current (forecast) prices for the operation of construction machines.

Information on the current prices for the operation of construction machines can be obtained from the regional authorities for pricing in construction, from contractors for construction and installation organizations, trusts (departments) of mechanization or other organizations that have construction equipment at their disposal.
To determine the cost of 1 machine-hour operation of construction machines by calculation, the methods given in Appendix No. 3 to this Methodology can be used.

The current level of estimated prices for the operation of the corresponding type of construction machines can be determined on the basis of the base level of prices given in the collection of estimated norms and prices for the operation of construction machines and vehicles, and indices of changes in the cost of machines, calculated on the basis of available information on current prices for operation machines. In this case, both direct counting (by calculation) and the method of unified resource and technological models (RTM) for the corresponding groups of machines, which provide data on the need for resources, and the basic cost estimate of these resources, compared with the current price level, can be used ...

Determination of the estimated cost of material resources

As part of local estimate calculations (estimates), the cost of material resources is determined based on data on the normative need for materials, products (parts) and structures (in physical units: m3, m2, t, etc.) and the corresponding price for the type of material resource. The cost of material resources is included in the estimate documentation, regardless of who purchased them.

The normative need for material resources can be determined by:

• based on the allocation and summation in local resource sheets or in local resource estimate calculations (estimates) of resource indicators for materials, products (parts) and structures used in the construction of an object (performance of work), with a comparison of the results obtained with data from design materials (statements material needs - VM, summary sheets of materials - SVM) and the choice of the most acceptable option for users;
• by design materials (project or RD): VM and SVM, as well as specifications as part of the RD.

The cost of material resources can be determined:

• in the basic price level - according to collections (catalogs) of estimated prices for materials, products and structures - federal, territorial (regional) and industry;
• at the current price level - at the actual cost of materials, products and structures, taking into account transport and procurement and storage costs, margins (markups), commissions paid to supplying foreign economic organizations, payment for services of commodity exchanges, including brokerage services, customs duties.

Determination of current prices for material resources for a specific construction site is carried out on the basis of initial data received from the contractor, as well as suppliers and manufacturing organizations.

In order to analyze the provided initial data and select the optimal and justified indicators of cost, construction participants are recommended to monitor prices for material resources.

For the products of natural monopolies, prices and tariffs are applied at which state regulation is carried out, including tariffs for electric and thermal energy, tariffs for rail, river and sea transportation, etc.

The cost of imported products (equipment, materials, products and structures) is determined, as a rule, by purchases made by organizations in the prescribed manner.

The free (market) price, as a rule, consists of:

• foreign trade (contract) price (customs value), including expenses in foreign currency for the delivery of products to the Russian border, converted into rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in effect on the date of acceptance of the cargo customs declaration for customs clearance;
• customs payments, consisting of customs duties, fees for customs clearance, and other customs payments established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
• other purchase, transportation and sales costs attributable to costs, including transportation costs, insurance payments, storage costs, handling costs, commissions to intermediaries, sales costs;
• value added tax (VAT).

Taking into account that VAT is provided for in the consolidated estimate after the total of chapters 1-12, VAT in the cost of material resources is not taken into account as part of local estimates.

The cost calculation (statement) of the current estimated prices for materials, products and structures is compiled by cost elements.

Funds for paying for the transportation of heavy cargo are included in the cost of materials, products and structures (in the cost of transport services).

To draw up investment estimates, it is recommended, based on data from contractor construction and installation organizations and the results of statistical observations on prices for building materials, parts and structures in each region, at least once a quarter to develop and constantly maintain in working order on a computer basis regional statements of current estimated prices for materials, products and structures.

Also, statements can be compiled for specialized construction and for construction prices generated for individual large construction projects.

Selling prices for products, materials and semi-finished products (concrete, mortar, bitumen, asphalt and black crushed stone mixtures, road bitumen emulsions, trees and shrubs, seedlings, sod and plant soil, etc.), manufactured under construction conditions, are determined by calculations.

The calculations, in addition to the costs of preparing materials and semi-finished products, take into account other costs associated with their preparation (overhead costs), the required profit, taxes and fees charged in accordance with applicable law. In the calculations, other (overhead) costs and profits are calculated from the means of remuneration of workers.

The resource estimate is beneficial to both the customer and the contractor. First of all, because it does not allow you to deceive either one or the other. After all, the customer and the contractor are not enemies, but allies, they strive for the same result - to build "Two banks at one river".

Currently, there is a lot of talk about the spread of the resource method ( net resource method ) drawing up estimates for the construction of facilities. Interest in this is due to the absence in most regions of the Russian Federation of a modern estimate and normative base containing estimated norms and prices that allow to determine with high reliability the cost of work performed using new materials, modern construction equipment and technologies. Therefore, the Gosstroy of Russia is strongly promoting the resource method of budgeting.

The program will give you the opportunity to make estimates using the resource method, without waiting for the Regional Pricing Centers to draw up and approve last year's prices, and then come up with (let's not be afraid of this word) indices for them.

Gosstroy of Russia gives you the right to use the hydroelectric power station for drawing up estimates using the resource method. At the present stage, there is an effective mechanism to use this right.

Only a resource estimate can make the customer and the contractor allies.

The resource estimate also allows determining the competence of the contractor. If the contractor refuses to work in the resource estimate, then the question immediately arises: "How will he carry out the production of work at the facility, if he cannot state the technology for the production of these works on paper?"

I.V. Dedov, A.I. Pochufarov

MDS 81.35-2004 - clause 3.28. With the resource method of determining the cost, the calculation is carried out in current (forecast) prices and tariffs of the resources (cost elements) necessary for the implementation of the design solution. The calculation is based on the demand expressed in natural meters for materials, products, structures, data on distances and methods of their delivery to the construction site, energy consumption for technological purposes, operating time of construction machines and their composition, labor costs of workers. These resources are allocated from the composition of design materials, various regulatory and other sources.

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Smete.ru documentation

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Key difference between resource calculation and estimate, compiled at basic unit rates, can be formulated in several theses:

1) Estimates in TEP (FER) - unit prices can be made both at the base and at the current price level. We can say that the 2001 base is almost always translated to the current level by indices for a specific quarter, however, some organizations practice budgeting at the base level for a more convenient comparison of various calculations and simplifying the work of the estimator. At the same time, the calculations in the HESN have only one price level: the current one, and in contrast to the unit prices, where the transfer from the 2001 base is carried out, as a rule, by one or several indices, in the elementary standards the cost of each resource is set individually according to the collections of current prices.

2) The estimate from the estimate in the HPES, compiled by the resource method, demonstrates the full list of construction costs contained in it: labor, material, as well as standard indicators for the operation of machines and tools. It is believed that the integrated use of values \u200b\u200bfrom the collections of current prices for a specific quarter and the price lists of suppliers of materials and components make the calculations in the HPP more accurate and adequate to the actual construction conditions.

3) The complexity of the two most common methods of making estimates: the resource and basic-index method - varies very significantly. In the first case, all cost components are combined by elements: materials, wages of basic workers and machine operators, operation of equipment and vehicles, and are summed up in monetary terms - the basic level. With the base-index method, the indicators for the year 2000 must be reduced to the current values \u200b\u200bby indices: either multiplied by cost elements, or the positions applied to each line separately according to the collections of indices issued in individual regions. When compiling a local resource estimate, on the contrary, all cost elements are distributed by type and are indicated initially in natural units of measurement: man-hours, pieces, tons, machine-hours, etc. Then, opposite each line, the cost of the resource is written, taken from the price list, price list or collection. The multiplication of price and quantity, as you know, gives the value of the good, in this case, the element of direct costs. The summation of all resources using suitable coefficients gives the total cost of construction and installation work or repairs, which is considered by many specialists to be more accurate than the results of the estimate calculated by the base-index method.

The estimate in the HESN element prices is the fundamental format for calculating construction and other costs in current prices based on fixed labor costs and material consumption. As the name implies, this type of prices is made up of elements, like most of the objects and things we are used to: an orange from slices and peel, a car from many parts. These comparisons are very illustrative as examples of complex and simpler systems. It is much more difficult to try to systematize non-material construction technologies, techniques and actions, but in domestic pricing this problem was solved quite successfully. Each elementary rate of the HPPN consists of a certain set of components, segmented into three types: the salary of drivers (main workers), materials and operation of machines. The set of these resources and their quantitative parameters for each construction and installation technology, installation or commissioning is unique or, at least, it was conceived in a similar way. The range of resources used and their combinations is very extensive: from prices like dedusting, in which, in addition to the salaries of the main workers, only non-standard resources are used, to the installation of complex technological equipment, during which more than twenty different elements are used. Knowledge of the basic principles of pricing, reflected in the guidelines for the preparation of construction calculations, relevant SNB FER, TEP and GESN, the professionalism of the estimators allows us to offer qualified and inexpensive estimate services in the Krasnodar Territory (Krasnodar, Sochi, Novorossiysk, Tuapse, Belorechensk, Maikop, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Eisk, Apsheronsk, Armavir, Labinsk, Slavyansk-on-Kuban, Ust-Labinsk, Goryachy Klyuch, Novorossiysk, Abinsk), and in other regions: Moscow, Perm, St. Petersburg, Vologda, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod, Ufa , Vladimir, Lipetsk, Novosibirsk, Murmansk and the Murmansk region, Krasnoyarsk, Tyumen, Yaroslavl, Penza, Stavropol, Kazan, Tomsk, Belgorod, Chelyabinsk, Ulyanovsk, Samara, Tver, Orenburg, Kirov, Chelyabinsk, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg, Omsk Vladivostok, Kaliningrad, etc. Preparation of estimate calculations in FER, HPES, departmental or territorial prices, along with other estimated services: the development of forms KS-2, KS- 3, the volume sheet, as well as the resource sheet, is carried out as standardized and correctly as possible. One of the classic types of estimate calculations is the calculation in HPES prices, a feature of which is the detailing of the resource part of the installation, construction and other types of work performed. The posted sample of the HESN estimate demonstrates one of the most labor-intensive types of budget calculations - the resource method, which clearly reflects current costs broken down into elements: wages of builders, operation of equipment and tools, material and technical part.

An example of an estimate for the construction of a reinforced concrete foundation in the elemental prices of the HPP

In the posted example, work on the foundation is marked out by elementary prices in real terms. To switch to monetary units of measurement, each cost element is marked with its cost, taken from the collections of current prices for materials, labor resources or the operation of equipment. If the nomenclature of the collections does not contain the necessary materials or equipment, you can use the price lists of suppliers and price lists, when working with which the estimator needs to remove VAT from the cost of materials and add transportation and procurement costs (TRC), which can be calculated for each price individually or allocated separate section.