Who belongs to the federal budget. Federal budget. Review and approval

Federal budget Of Russia

Federal budget of the Russian Federation is the leading link budgetary system Russian Federation, which combines the main financial categories (taxes, government credit, government spending). The federal budget is the main financial plan of the state for the financial year, which has the force of law after it is approved by the Federal Assembly in the form of a federal law. In terms of economic content, the federal budget is a form of formation and use of a centralized fund money Russian Federation. It is the federal budget that is the main means of redistributing the national income and gross domestic product, through which they mobilize financial resourcesnecessary to regulate the country's economic development, implement social policy throughout Russia, strengthen the state's defense capability. The federal budget accounts for a significant part of the distribution process, which consists in the distribution of funds between sectors of the national economy, production and non-production spheres, regions of the country. The right of the Russian Federation to an independent federal budget is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 71), and the Budget Code of the Russian Federation regulates in detail the procedure for its formation and implementation.

Budget process

In accordance with the Budget Code, the Russian government submits for consideration by the State Duma a draft federal budget for the next financial year no later than October 1 of the current year. The federal budget is developed in accordance with the provisions of the annual Budget Address of the President of the Russian Federation.

The federal budget is considered by the State Duma in three readings (amendments have been made to the Code). The main parameters of the budget are adopted in the first reading. According to the Budget Code, in the process of the first reading, the State Duma has no right to increase revenues and the federal budget deficit, if there is no positive opinion of the government on these changes. The State Duma may reject the draft budget; in this case, a conciliation commission is formed together with the government. In the second reading, the State Duma approves the budget by sections, and in the third - by subsections. After the adoption of the federal budget by the State Duma, it is approved by the Federation Council and signed by the President of the Russian Federation.

At the same time, at present, over 98% of all taxes for the use of natural resources and 100% of all income from external economic activity (including export duties on oil, oil products, etc.) go to the federal budget, and not to the regional ones. Therefore, the share of "raw material" revenues in the federal budget is relatively high compared to the same share in the consolidated budget (includes, in addition to the federal, all regional budgets and state budgets extrabudgetary funds). So, if the federal budget of 2008 consisted of 50% of oil and gas revenues, then the same indicator for the consolidated budget of the same year is just over 30%.

In recent years, the fastest growing budget revenuesassociated with the extraction and export of minerals (mineral extraction tax, export duties on oil, etc.). In particular, in 2008 the federal budget of Russia was 50% formed by oil and gas revenues (in 2006 the share of oil and gas revenues was more than half, in 2003 - a quarter of the total amount of revenues). [ not in source]. The Economist magazine expresses the opinion that the positive balance of the Russian federal budget will be maintained only if the oil price is about $ 110, citing "corruption and inefficiency" as the main reasons

The 2011 budget was drawn up based on the forecast oil price of $ 105 per barrel.

Cm. also

Notes

Links and sources

• Federal budget of Russia, on the website of the Ministry of Finance
• Everything about the budget on the official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation
• Federal and consolidated budgets of 2011 in figures and graphs
• Voronov V. Realities and myths of the military budget of Russia // Moskovsky Komsomolets. 2007.1 February.
• Zatsepin V. B., Lebedeva A. V. Military expenditures in the 2006 federal budget // Economic and political situation in Russia. 2006. February P.36-41. (The same for 2007 and, and the medium-term budget for 2008-2010).
• Structure and dynamics of expenditures in the draft budget of the Russian Federation until 2014

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

See what the "Federal budget of Russia" is in other dictionaries:

Federal Law (Russia) "On the Federal Budget for 2006" Number: 189 FZ Adoption: The State Duma December 7, 2005 Approval: by the Federation Council December 14, 2005 Signing: Pre ... Wikipedia

Federal Law (Russia) "On the federal budget for 2010 and for the planning period of 2011 and 2012" Number: 308 FZ Adoption: by the State Duma on November 20, 2009 Approval: by the Federation Council on November 25, 2009 Signed by ... Wikipedia

The federal budget of the Russian Federation is the main financial plan of the Russian government for the current financial year, having the force of law. Contents 1 Budget process 2 Federal budget parameters 3 Notes ... Wikipedia

Federal budget of Russia - the main link of the budgetary system. It expresses economic money relations, mediating the process of formation and use of the centralized fund of state funds, is developed by the Government and approved by the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in the form of a federal law.

In terms of its economic content, the federal budget is a form of formation and use of the centralized fund of funds of the Russian Federation.

It is the federal budget that is the main means of redistributing the national income and gross domestic product, through which financial resources are mobilized to regulate the country's economic development, implement social policy throughout Russia, and strengthen the state's defense capability. The federal budget accounts for a significant part of the distribution process, which consists in the distribution of funds between sectors of the national economy, production and non-production areas, regions of the country.

The right of the Russian Federation to an independent federal budget is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 71), and the Budget Code of the Russian Federation regulates in detail the procedure for its formation and implementation.

28% of all receipts are given by the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, 16% - by Moscow, 10% - by the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, 5% - by St. Petersburg, thus, four constituent entities of the Russian Federation give up to 60% of all tax receipts to the federal budget.

Budget process

The federal budget is considered by the State Duma in three readings (amendments have been made to the Code). The main parameters of the budget are adopted in the first reading. According to the Budget Code, in the process of the first reading, the State Duma has no right to increase revenues and the federal budget deficit, if there is no positive opinion of the government on these changes. The State Duma may reject the draft budget; in this case, a conciliation commission is formed together with the government. In the second reading, the State Duma approves the budget by sections, and in the third - by subsections. After the adoption of the federal budget by the State Duma, it is approved by the Federation Council and sent to the President of the Russian Federation for signature. In the event that the President of the Russian Federation rejects the Federal Law on the Federal Budget for the next financial year and planning period, the said law is submitted to a conciliation commission to overcome the disagreements that have arisen. In this case, a representative of the President of the Russian Federation is included in the conciliation commission. After that, the Federal Law on the budget must mandatory be published in the media and promulgated: unpublished laws have no legal force in the Russian Federation.

At the same time, at present, over 98% of all taxes for the use of natural resources and 100% of all revenues from foreign economic activity (including export duties on oil, oil products, etc.) go to the federal budget, and not to the regional ones. Therefore, the share of “raw material” revenues in the federal budget is relatively high compared to the same share in the consolidated budget (including, in addition to the federal, all regional budgets and budgets of state extra-budgetary funds). So, if the federal budget of 2008 consisted of 50% of oil and gas revenues, then the same indicator for the consolidated budget of the same year is just over 30%.

The 2011 budget was drawn up based on a forecast oil price of $ 105 per barrel.

Since 2013, the so-called budget rule that determines the maximum level of expenditures has officially come into effect budget based on the price of oil.

According to some estimates, before the fall in oil prices in 2015, energy exports (oil, gas, etc.) accounted for about half of the Russian budget revenues.

Cost structure

2015

According to the budget for 2015, the largest distributors of budget allocations:

• Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation - 4,448.26 billion rubles. (29.49%)
  • including interbudgetary transfers of the pension fund - about 1,850.00 billion rubles.
  • subsidies for alignment of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - about 500.00 billion rubles.
  • interest payments on public debt - about 450.00 billion rubles.
• Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - 1,642.05 billion rubles. (10.89%)
• Ministry of Internal Affairs - 1,138.75 billion rubles. (7.55%)
• Federal Road Agency - RUB 573.89 billion (3.81%)
• Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation - 409.87 billion rubles. (2.72%)
• Federal Penitentiary Service - RUB 293.83 billion (1.95%)
• Ministry of Emergency Situations - 199.57 billion rubles. (1.32%)
• Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation - 197.10 billion rubles. (1.31%)
• Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation - 195.49 billion rubles. (1.30%)
• Federal Space Agency - 180.51 billion rubles. (1.20%)
• State Corporation "Rosatom" - 176.95 billion rubles. (1.17%)
• Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation - 167.40 billion rubles. (1.11%)
• Administrative Department of the President of the Russian Federation - 142.60 billion rubles. (0.95%)

2016

According to the draft, approved in December 2015 for 2016, the main items of federal budget expenditures:

• Social policy - 4,459.0 billion rubles. (27.7%)
• National defense - RUB 3,091.0 billion. (19.2%)
• National economy - 2,560.0 billion rubles. (15.9%)
• National security and law enforcement - RUB 2,045.0 billion. (12.7%)
• National issues (administration) - 1,159.0 billion rubles. (7.2%)
• Interbudgetary transfers - RUB 676.0 billion (4.2%)
• Debt service - 660.0 billion rubles. (4.1%)
• Education - 580.0 billion rubles. (3.6%)
• Healthcare - RUB 483.0 billion (3.0%)
• Culture, cinematography - RUB 97.0 billion (0.6%)
• Housing and communal services - 80.0 billion rubles. (0.5%)
• Mass media - 80.0 billion rubles. (0.5%)
• Physical culture, sports - 64.0 billion rubles. (0.4%)
• Security environment - 64.0 billion rubles. (0.4%).

1 - Equivalent in dollars, at the average annual exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for 2017.

Expenses related to tobacco use

Taken together, the cumulative indirect losses from smoking due to lower labor productivity (unconfirmed information) and additional losses from smokers' disability correspond to 21.59% of the consolidated health budget expenditures.

The economic losses from smoking account for about 3% of Russia's GDP.

Budget transparency

In the budget transparency rating compiled by the International Budget Partnership (IBP), Russia took 10th place in the world (out of 100 countries studied) at the end of 2012, ahead of Germany, Spain and Italy. The IBP press release stated:

Russia improved its budget transparency score from 60 points out of 100 in 2010 to 74 points. This increase means that Russian citizens have greater access to the information they need to participate in decision-making and demand accountability from the government on how it manages state budget funds.

see also

Notes

1. On the federal budget for 2004
2. About the federal budget for 2005
3. On Amending the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2006
4. Thus, the surplus of the federal budget for 2006 is 1,739,407,792.9 thousand rubles.
5. On the federal budget for 2007
6. The inflation rate is set at 6.5-8.0%
7. On the federal budget for 2008 and for the planning period of 2009 and 2010
8. the so-called "three-year" budget was first formed
9. On Amendments to the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2007"
10. On amendments to the Federal Law "On the Federal Budget for 2008 and for the Planning Period of 2009 and 2010"
11. Federal Law of 03.03.2008 N 19-FZ "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On the Federal Budget for 2008 and for the Planning Period of 2009 and 2010 "/ ConsultantPlus
12. On the federal budget for 2009 and for the planning period of 2010 and 2011
13. On amendments to the Federal Law "On the federal budget for 2009 and for the planning period of 2010 and 2011"
14. On the federal budget for 2010 and for the planning period of 2011 and 2012
15. On the federal budget for 2011 and for the planning period of 2012 and 2013

Reconstruction of non-profit institutions and many other measures of national importance are largely compensated for by the national wealth. Its formation and structuring is a difficult and laborious process, and we will try to understand it in this article.

Federal budget concept

The federal budget is the fundamental treasury of any state, which is a system of relationships based on imperative funds that are an integral part of government funds. National financial wealth in the basis of its formation takes on the main socio-economic functions of the country, from which the main directions of future income and expenses are distinguished.

In turn, the federal one performs the most important functions in the life support of the state system:

• stimulates social policy;
• regulates economic processes within the country;
• takes part in the redistribution of GDP and national income;
• controls cash flow.

As we can see, this financial instrument has more than enough tasks, so the government is thoroughly approaching its formation and structuring, which we will discuss further.

How the budget is adopted

We all understand that the federal budget is not just the money supply, it is a huge complex mechanism, and each of us is interested in what principles the officials are guided by when adopting it.

Typically, the treasury is approved in four hearings and includes the following set of procedures:

1. The statistics of key industries are used to assess the totals for the previous reporting period.
2. Further, the nearest prospect of the socio-economic development of the state is predicted.
3. Highlights the main points of the upcoming tax and budgetary policy.
4. On the basis of development plans for key areas, a consolidated budget and consolidated financial balance are forecasted.
5. Further, federal programs for various purposes are forecasted - targeted, investment and defense.
6. It takes into account agreements of an international nature that have any financial obligations.
7. Accounts of the federal budget for other expenses are taken into account.
8. An upcoming program aimed at the implementation of external loans is being considered.
9. Proposals on the level of minimum indexation of social benefits are being considered.
10. Regulatory legal acts are suspended, the financing of which is not provided for by the budget policy for next year.

Required programs

The draft federal budget as financial instrument also bears a certain social responsibility to its people, therefore some compulsory programs still have a place to be, however, each of them is carefully checked for compliance.

For this, there is a legally approved clear algorithm of actions:

• the government is provided with a project justification from a technical and economic point of view for consideration, since the state apparatus must be sure of the need to finance a particular procedure from the treasury
• further, social and environmental consequences of the implementation of a certain program are predicted;
• guided by the current legislation, the government decides on the direct amount of financing for a specific project;
• other necessary documentation is being prepared.

Principles for the formation of the federal budget

Any details related to the formation and management of the state treasury are governed by this regulatory act - the Federal Law on the Federal Budget. A clearly prescribed algorithm of actions in the event of a particular situation is extremely important in modern unstable market relations... Since it would be strange and highly inappropriate after the adoption of the treasury structure on this year manage funds for social payments in favor of strengthening national defense.

Therefore, each, even of a minor nature, the disposal of public funds is regulated by current legislation and is based on the following principles:

• all receipts of financial flows are classified into groups and classes depending on economic and territorial predisposition - this means that some revenues of local budgets remain at the disposal of the district, and vice versa;
• in the event of a deficit due to excessive spending, the missing funds are covered, also based on the structural component of this financial instrument.

In general, it is difficult to describe the mechanism for managing the state treasury in several sentences, but further we will try to deal with this complex structure.

The structure of the federal budget

We all understand that only the higher-level executive authorities are unable to manage a huge complex of cash flows. The federal budget is a financial institution of incomparable size, and in world practice there are several generally accepted structures for its regulation:

• banking;
• mixed;
• treasury.

Once in the Russian Federation, a banking structure was practiced, which made it possible to record the movement at the level of payment and was regulated by the Central Bank. But such a system turned out to be imperfect due to the untimely display of information, so it was decided to transfer to the treasury department.

Budget management

Apart from the principles of disposal, the federal law on the federal budget also governs all this property.

So, at the first stage is the Main Directorate federal treasury, which is engaged in balancing all current income and expenses, as well as informing the executive authorities about it.

At the second level, there is the Treasury Department, which is directly subordinate to the district authorities. The functions of this institution are to inform higher authorities about income and to execute orders for expenditures in its territory.

The third level of management includes local city and district treasuries, which keep track of the movement public funds in the designated area.

Functions of the Central Treasury

All funds from the federal budget, in one way or another, are registered by employees of the Central Treasury, which is entrusted with a number of important functions and tasks:

• distribution of the revenue side of the budget between management bodies of various levels;
• accounting of any kind of payments, including tax payments, on accounts of state significance;
• making refunds and offsetting of excessively or erroneously transferred funds between treasuries of all levels;
• recalculation of planned indicators, taking into account various types of delays and benefits;
• the establishment of restrictions in this or that funding;
• constant control of expenses in order to effectively manage the state treasury;
• management of all financial flows in the bank accounts of the Treasury.

Sources of income

Who Shapes the State Treasury? Let's take a look at the participants in this complex and continuous process:

Thus, we can say that economic entities that have certain obligations to the country are extremely important and irreplaceable participants in this mechanism. But there are also non-tax ones, which include fines, penalties and other penalties arising in the course of relations with government agencies.

Sources of expenses

The federal expenditure budget is the result of settlement formations, which fully depend on the revenue side. The size of this sector of the state treasury is directly proportional to both the population and the country as a whole. Of course, this does not mean that they are fully satisfied; nevertheless, they are taken into account in the annual planning. They are distributed according to the following principles:

• sectoral (formed on the needs of various kinds of departments and ministries);
• territorial (the area of \u200b\u200bparticipation of the country's subjects, that is, the population);
• functional (the costs are carried out in accordance with the declared target programs, including social, environmental, scientific and other issues).

Any decisions on government spending are made directly by the Central Treasury and

Budget balance

The federal budget of the Russian Federation over the past decades has not been able to boast of its balance, which, in principle, is normal in world practice - it always exceeds something: either income or expenses.

So, in the 90s of the last century, the budget deficit was persistently observed, which means that the needs for the socio-economic regulation of the state were much greater than the receipts from taxpayers.

However, in recent years the situation has changed exactly the opposite, and at the moment there is a steady surplus of the national treasury.

Federal budget regulation

Now the government has set the most important task - to increase economic efficiency against the background of foreign policy, which means that, first of all, the structure of state financial reserves is regulated. Various principles of social funds management are regulated by the Federal Law on the Federal Budget.

But we all understand that it is difficult to predict anything in such unstable market relations, which largely depend on international relations. Therefore, against the background of recent events, a special Stabilization Fund was created to support economic growth through budget surplus.

Extraction of minerals provided more than 40% of the increase in tax revenues to the consolidated budget of Russia for last year, follows from the data of the Federal Tax Service. Construction and real estate operations were the weakest of all.

The mining sector in 2017 became a driver for filling the consolidated budget of Russia, the role of the raw materials sector in tax revenues has increased, it follows from the corresponding reports of the Federal Tax Service by types of economic activity as of January 1, 2018 (RBC has it).

Last year, the mining industry (coal, oil, gas, metal ores, etc.) provided 29.2% of tax revenues of the consolidated budget (federal budget plus regional and local budgets), and a year earlier - 26.5% (see infographic). In the total amount of the increase in tax revenues (2.8 trillion rubles), more than 40% accounted for an increase in the collection of the mineral extraction tax (MET).

Oil prices decide

According to the Federal Tax Service, revenues under the item "Extraction of minerals" increased by 32% in 2017, to 5 trillion rubles. “This growth is dominated by mineral extraction tax charges, caused by an increase in average oil prices by 25% per year, while the ruble is strengthening by 15% and a small increase in physical volumes of production,” said Dmitry Kulikov, expert of the ACRA research and forecasting group.

Including tax revenues from oil and gas production increased by 50%, to 4.6 trillion rubles. Last year, the authorities continued the budgetary maneuver, expressed in the gradual abolition of the export duty in exchange for an increase in severance tax rates. At the same time, the dynamics of export and production of crude oil did not change much compared to 2016. According to the Ministry of Energy, exports amounted to 256.9 million tons (+ 6% by 2016), and production - 546.7 million tons (-0.2%).

The main contribution to the dynamics of oil and gas revenues was made by the rise in prices for Urals oil, says Sergei Belev, head of the budget policy laboratory at the Gaidar Institute. “The dollar exchange rate did not react to the change in the oil price due to the policy of the Ministry of Finance aimed at increasing foreign exchange reserves. As a result, the actual ruble severance tax rate averaged over RUB 7.8 thousand in 2017. per ton of oil, while in 2016 it averaged just over RUB 3,000, ”the expert notes.

The mining sector was the driver not only of tax revenues, but also of business activity in industry in general, Kulikov said. “Metallurgists also felt good about the rise in world prices, which, in turn, was associated with real restrictions on production in China. For power engineers, the increase in tax payments is also associated with the completion of the program of contracts for the supply of capacity (CDA) and the corresponding increase in profits, ”he notes.

Legislative measures

Another factor that influenced the growth of revenues in 2017 was the temporary prohibition for taxpayers to fully deduct the loss of previous years when calculating tax base: from 2016 to 2020 in Tax Code an amendment is in effect, according to which the income tax base cannot be reduced by more than 50% due to accumulated losses.

“Given the fact that the past years have been marked by problems with financial results enterprises, and in recent years the share of unprofitable organizations has been decreasing (from a peak of 33% in 2014 to 28%, according to preliminary data from Rosstat for the first 11 months of 2017), this measure prevented a decrease in the tax base in 2017, " Belev. As RBC wrote earlier, in 2017 the regions managed to collect 248 billion rubles from companies. more on income tax, including due to the temporary limitation of the carry forward of losses from previous years.

It is logical that the main increase in income from income tax occurred precisely in industries with a high level of competition, where organizations have to exist with less profitability, Belev notes. “Agriculture, hunting and forestry, and the service sector generated between 20 and 50 percent of the increase in income tax revenues in real terms,” he says.

Income tax in the manufacturing sector brought 605 billion rubles. to the consolidated budget - 15% more than a year earlier. And from the wholesale and retail trade, including car repairs, it was possible to collect 620.5 billion rubles in income tax. - an increase of 29%.

The dynamics of revenues from the manufacturing industry is mainly due to the restriction on the deduction of losses from the tax base, says Kulikov. In addition, metallurgy "was 90% out due to good market conditions, and the above-average growth in fees from the production of food and tobacco products was partly due to the current counter-sanctions," the expert said.

Generally tax revenues from wholesale and retail trade grew by 15.5%, to 1.84 trillion rubles, from the financial and insurance sector - by 11.7%, to 927 billion rubles. The increase in revenues from trade was largely due to the wholesale component, Kulikov said. Retail, he says, was still depressed: "Despite the recovery in lending, the underlying dynamics of household income was still clearly depressed."

Real estate lags behind

Sectors related to public administration (+ 6.3%) showed weak dynamics relative to average growth, which is probably due to the consolidation of budgets, Kulikov said. The sectors of investment demand are in the same position - construction (+ 3%) and real estate operations, which, according to the expert, are more volatile and may be depressed after the recession.

Real estate transactions brought the budgets 503 billion rubles. taxes - nominally three times less than in the same line in 2016 (1.6 trillion rubles). But, most likely, these data cannot be directly compared: the fact is that since 2017 the Federal Tax Service has switched to new classifiers of types of economic activities OKVED-2, as a result of which a regrouping took place between the industries.

For example, if in the statistics of 2016 the basic industry "Transport and communication" was highlighted, now we are talking about two basic industries - "Transportation and storage" and "Information and communication". Similarly, the “Production and distribution of electricity, gas and water” sector was split into two - one related to electricity, steam and gas, and the other related to water supply and waste disposal.

On December 20, Vladimir Putin signed the main financial document for the country for the next year. According to him, the welfare of Russians will not improve much in the near future, but it may worsen even more in 2018-20. Since, if we consider the budget of Russia for 2017 in figures, then it can be described exclusively as “consuming”. Unfortunately, it does not envisage any real anti-crisis program or import substitution plan. On the other hand, there are several interesting points that can tell what the future, according to the government's forecasts, awaits the citizens of the Russian Federation.

What is the budget in figures adopted by the deputies for Russia in 2017

The main financial document of the country indicates that the state intends to spend about 16.241 trillion next year with income of 13.488 trillion rubles. What do these numbers mean for ordinary Russians?

Three hard years

Cost structure in dollars

If we consider the projected expenses for 2017, then, compared to last year, their total size in the federal budget has not changed much. By and large, that 16,241, that 16,098 trillion rubles  the difference is not very big. At the current exchange rate (60.8528 rubles / dollar), about 250 billion in dollars. For comparison: expenditures in the US budget are 16 times higher, and in the budget of Belarus 30 times less.

However, if you look not at the total volumes, but at the cost structure, then there is a clear tendency towards an increase in the infusion of money into the “siloviki” and the army with a reduction in spending on the social, scientific, medical and educational spheres. In particular, compared to last year:

• medical expenses will decrease by 10%;
• utility costs will increase by 40%;
• the pension fund will receive less than 175 billion rubles;
• the educational sphere will miss about 8%.

At the same time, the defense budget will be increased by 72 billion rubles, not counting the planned increase in the salaries of a significant part of the "siloviki".

Expenditure part:

What does such a budget adjustment mean for the average citizen? It's simple:

1. Rising military spending speaks of preparation for military conflicts.
2. The increase in spending on the Interior Ministry and intelligence services indicates preparations for internal unrest.
3. Reducing the cost of social, educational and medical sphere with a large amount of reserves, it shows that the inflow of money is decreasing and this is a long-term trend.

Sources of income

Regarding the revenues included in the federal budget, their size also differs little from last year - 13.44 trillion in 2017 to 13.738 trillion rubles in 2016. That's about $ 225 billion.

Budget revenues:

As can be seen from the table, the government's forecasted revenues from oil next year will decrease, but this is planned to be covered by an increase in various taxes, duties, excise taxes and duties.

Real budget deficit

Even with regard to income and expenses, one nuance should be clarified - the correct understanding of the size of the deficit. The point is that representatives of the authorities in the news, commenting on the federal budget, say: "Next year, the budget deficit of the Russian Federation will be at the level of (number) percent of GDP." What's wrong here?

GDP is the gross domestic product of the entire economy of the state, while the federal budget of Russia is the costs and expenses of all government agencies, i.e. only a small part of the country's economy. In other words, what the authorities say, comparing the budget deficit with the GDP, is like comparing the finances of an individual teacher with income. kindergarten... The number will come out less, but it does not give a real understanding of the level of costs and expenses of the employee.

In reality, if you look at the Russian budget for 2017 in figures, it turns out that its deficit is 20%. Simply put, the state spends 20% more than it earns!

What's interesting about the 2017 federal budget?

As already noted, in the federal budget of the Russian Federation for the next year there are several interesting points that can tell about what awaits Russians in the future. The most important ones are as follows.

Hiding military spending

According to official information, the state plans to cut military spending in 2017 - from 3.89 to 2.84 trillion rubles. At the same time, 2.771 trillion rubles of them are secret articles, the intended use of which practically no one controls. However, if we consider the budget expenditures that relate to the military, but are not spelled out in the article on defense, then we can find the same amount of funds allocated for the army.

Experts estimate that the 2017 budget will spend up to 4.5 trillion rubles on military spending. At the same time, a significant part of them, like the official expenditures for the army, are classified.

What are these funds spent on? Ideally, for the army and the provision of military personnel with everything they need, including housing and transport. But in reality, everything is a little different. For example, in 2016, the government allocated an additional 800 billion "secret" rubles to pay off loans that the army took in 2010 for rearmament. You can learn how the money taken on credit was spent from the case of Evgenia Vasilyeva.

Who will be responsible for the budget adjustment?

The next curious fact that can be noted looking at the Russian budget for 2017 in figures is that they plan to cover the 20% deficit by using money from the reserve fund and the national welfare fund. Almost everything will be taken from the first - 50 billion dollars, from the second the missing part. At the same time, the failure will also be reduced due to the privatization of state property and budget adjustments:

• elimination of some long-term investment projects;
• mineralization of the indexing of civil servants' salaries;
• reduction of subsidies by region.

The forecast for the next year on key indicators for the Russian economy laid down in the document

1. The average price per barrel of oil is $ 40.
2. The average annual dollar exchange rate is 67 rubles.
3. The projected GDP is $ 1.4 trillion (86.8 trillion rubles).
4. The reserve fund in 2018 will be equal to 0.
5. The size of the maternity is 453 thousand rubles.

In addition, adjusting the budget for next year will reduce the allocation to programs:

• « Economic development and an innovative economy ”- a decrease of 22.8%;
• "Promotion of employment of the population" - a decrease by 29.4%;
• “Healthcare Development” - a 25% decrease.

Summary

Summing up, we can say that the Russian budget for 2017 in figures indicates the continuation of the economic crisis. At the same time, the Government does not have a plan to exit it. They just want to wait it out, covering the lack of money with privatization and spending the reserve funds.

Battle for Budget 2017 - Completed