The composition of the estimate. What is the estimate and who are the estimators. Consolidated estimate calculation

What is an estimate and who are estimates

What does it mean to make an estimate, and who are these estimates?

Budgeting is an art. The estimator needs to draw up an estimate reflecting the cost of construction or other work, its potential profitability, and possibly increase its profitability.

The project can be rejected if the costs are “bulging”, you should not overestimate or underestimate the required amount in order to adjust to the customer's expectations.

Revaluation can provide a financial headroom that can be used in the event of unforeseen delays in construction or unaccounted for expenses. Minus in in this case may consist in the fact that the project may not be approved and recognized as ineffective and unprofitable.

If the estimator has been working in this area for a long time, then he knows how to select and adjust prices so that they act on him. After all, based on the composition of the price work, its cost can be increased several times by "spreading" the prevailing price by a few and get a ruble from a penny. But there is always a BUT that will help the checking estimator or an organization that issues ready-made estimate documentation, because not only can you increase the cost of work, but also reduce it, and this is a completely different story!

Managing between prices, calculation methods and other pricing facts, a competent estimator will always find a way out of this situation. If we remember that the main goal that organizations pursue is profit, then how can the conclusion from this be the need for a qualified specialist with work experience and sometimes with a flight of imagination, and maybe stress resistance, because an estimate is a creativity that requires knowledge and experience, as well as fiction.

As a result, under all this, one can summarize that budgeting is necessary for organizations and it is the estimator who determines what profit she can get, a lot depends on his experience and ingenuity. Hiding or finding what you have lost is an art!

Now let's figure out what questions we should ask the estimator so that he helps us in our work:

• experience in programs
• experience in various fields
• knowledge of the principles of pricing (knowledge of the latest letters on pricing, as well as all forms of estimate documentation)
• ability to read drawings and knowledge construction works

A professional who strives to work is attentive, patient, with a "creative streak" and a good memory, as well as the desire to improve in this direction and learn new things is indispensable.

The paradox: for all the importance of this profession in the state list of professions (ECTS) there is no specialty estimator, estimators are not taught by any university or technical school. Among the main sources of advanced training, almost all estimators name professional seminars, courses (including estimate programs), consultations in state pricing centers and reputable commercial organizations (from developers and dealers of the estimated software, for example), professional sites and forums, Internet mailing lists.
As a result, you and I get that all surveyors are still self-taught in their own way.

We can distinguish three main groups of estimators:

• experienced surveyors, usually specialists with a construction education or who have passed construction school from the very bottom, usually over the age of 40.
• “Average peasants” are most likely those who have been trained by competent specialists.
• young specialists - those who were indirectly related to estimates and decided to develop in this direction, took short-term courses.

You must answer this question yourself. Each organization is individual, someone can afford to raise a specialist, while someone needs an experienced and seasoned fighter. The advantages of a young specialist are his quick learning ability and the ability to “grasp everything on the fly,” and an experienced one, the ability to immediately start work.

Estimators are quite in demand in the construction industry, and its development makes this specialty even more promising. If we add to this the preparation of estimates for the repair of existing buildings, then there is always a lot of work for the estimator. This is especially true of experienced and competent specialists, on whom the success depends construction company... In this connection, the demand for a specialist is the higher, the more diverse specialists they are, understanding various areas of construction.

"Should I be an estimator"? The young specialist himself must answer this question. He must understand what difficulties he will experience on the way to becoming a estimator, but also what prospects will open before him in the future.

--
Sofya Kaznina (Mayorova), Galaktika IT company

Determination of the Russian estimate

Estimated cost - amount moneyrequired for construction in accordance with the design materials. Estimated cost is the basis for sizing capital investments, financing of construction, the formation of contractual prices for construction products, settlements for completed contract (construction and installation, repair and construction, etc.) work, payment of costs for the purchase of equipment and its delivery to construction sites, as well as reimbursement of other costs at the expense of funds provided consolidated estimate.

Estimates are developed in order to determine the funds required to finance the capital construction of buildings and structures, namely:

1. New construction.
2. Major overhaul. Views:
   • Restoration of cultural heritage objects (historical and cultural monuments)
3. Reconstruction. Views:
   • Reconstruction (Recovery).
   • Gain.

Depending on the stage of development of the project, estimates are prepared for:

1. Holding a tender (bidding)
2. Draft project
3. Working project

Estimated calculations are usually at the intersection of the interests of the Customer (Payer) and the Contractor (Contractor). Accordingly, the economic interest of the Customer consists in minimizing the estimated cost (the total estimate), and the Contractor, on the contrary, in the maximum possible increase in this cost. A compromise solution is usually achieved in one of three ways:

1. Clause-by-clause discussion of the estimate, taking into account the arguments put forward by the parties and supporting materials. The estimate in this case is an open document agreed by the parties. The decisive vote in such discussions usually belongs to the Customer.
2. On a competition basis. The Customer chooses the most attractive offer taking into account the declared value and the Contractor's reputation. The estimate in this case is a closed document designed to determine the positions of the bidders.
3. The decision on the cost of the project is made at the political level, and the task of formal justification is assigned to the estimate. In this case, the skill of the estimator is expressed in the competent adjustment of the estimate for the given cost.

The estimates are drawn up by professional estimators who must be well versed in the technology of the work for which the estimate is made. Large budget units are concentrated in design institutes.

Basic methods of calculating estimates

1. Base-index
2. Resource index
3. Resource
4. Analog

Indexing - the process of transition from the base price level to the current (forecast) price level using the current (forecast) conversion factors - indices.

Basic index method - calculation of the cost of work by determining its price at the basic price level and recalculating it to the current (forecast) price level using the system of current (forecast) indices.

Resource method - calculation in current (forecast) prices of the resources necessary for the implementation of design solutions, based on the demand expressed in natural terms for materials, products, structures, construction machines and mechanisms, labor costs of workers.

Resource index method - Calculation of the cost of work, combining the base-index and resource methods.

Analog method - Calculation of the cost of work by indexing and applying calculation coefficients to previously compiled estimates (for analogue objects).

Types of estimates

1. Local estimate calculation
2. Local estimates
3. Object estimate calculation
4. Object estimate
5. Estimated calculations for certain types of costs
6. Consolidated estimated calculation

Local estimates are the primary estimate documents and are drawn up for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or general site works on the basis of the volumes determined during the development of working documentation (RD), working drawings.

Local estimate calculations are compiled in cases where the scope of work and the amount of costs are not finally determined and are subject to clarification on the basis of the RD, or in cases where the scope of work, the nature and methods of their implementation cannot be sufficiently accurately determined during design and are refined during the construction process.

Object estimates combine in their composition for the object as a whole data from local estimates and are estimate documents, on the basis of which the contractual prices for objects are formed. The object estimate summarizes information from several local estimates.

Object estimate calculations combine in their composition for the object as a whole data from local estimates, their calculations and are subject to clarification, as a rule, on the basis of RD.

Estimated calculations for certain types of costs are compiled in cases where it is required to determine, as a rule for the construction site as a whole, the limit of funds necessary to reimburse those costs that are not taken into account by the estimated standards (for example: compensation in connection with the withdrawal of land for construction, costs associated with the application of benefits and surcharges established by decisions of state authorities, etc.).

Consolidated estimated calculation the cost of construction is compiled for a group of construction projects, a construction site, a queue, a start-up complex or an object, and brings together information from object estimate calculations, local estimate calculations and estimate calculations for certain types of costs.

Western estimates

England has the Royal Society of Surveyors; in Germany, the calculation of the cost of resources or finished products is called "costing". In Russia, the estimate business is under the jurisdiction of the Federal State Institution "Federal Center for Pricing in Construction and the Building Materials Industry".

In contrast to Russian colleagues, Western estimates have the time frame for each operation calculated (taken) not from data unified for the whole country (Soviet Union, Russia) on the performance of certain operations, but from enterprise-specific data (good practice). These calculations are carried out by Western estimates in the absence of work on the formation of estimates, being more economists and accountants in essence of work. In addition, it is common practice to calculate suitable formulas for the combinations of transformation of the labor of specialists into the amount of work performed by the given enterprise (production functions). Within the framework of risk management, the main possible deviations are calculated (risk management). And last but not least, the difference: Western estimates take into account the time component of all resources of the entire project when taking into account the production schedule (project management). The process of estimating a project is often referred to as costing.

Critical comparison of different approaches

The result of the western approach is an order of magnitude more accurate budget planning for the contractor's enterprise and the exact total (unbreakable in terms of the estimated positions of the work) price of all work for the customer. The contractor knows exactly how much he can drop in price during negotiations with the customer to the break-even point. The Russian (Soviet) estimate approach does not provide such accurate data on the work performed (for example, on the break-even point) as the Western one. The Russian approach forces the Russian business to overestimate the estimates for complex and voluminous projects in order to correspond to the real state of affairs.

The standard deviation of Russian estimates of the cost of future products is an order of magnitude higher than Western estimates, but the estimate approach is easier to learn. The estimated approach has its economic meaning only for simple work and (or) small volume. When performing complex (complex) works of a large volume, the probability of the project being implemented on schedule, with the planned quality and within the planned budget (the latter helps to calculate the estimate) is several times higher when using the Western approach of project management and calculations. (see Project Management)

The initial presence of distorted positions of the Russian estimate for large or complex projects, in order to comply with the real general project assessment, does not allow for operational financial control of the project development.

There is also a functional shift in the organizational structure of Russian and Western organizations. Some functions of the Western approach disappear with the Russian approach, other functions, as not specified, are shifted to performers (at a construction site, for example, to foremen, foremen, accounting, etc.). In addition to Western estimates, some of the functions of financial assessment (financial planning) in the West are performed by those who are engaged in management accounting and financial planning (economists, accountants, controllers). An active participant in the formation of the Western "estimate" (calculation) is the project manager or other responsible person who owns the temporary production schedule.

Other

In Russia there are bases TEP, FER, GESN, TSN, MTSN and others.

see also

Links

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See what "Construction estimate" is in other dictionaries:

Local construction estimate - 3.16. Local estimates refer to primary estimate documents and are drawn up for certain types of work and costs for buildings and structures or for general site works based on the volumes determined during the development of working documentation (RD) ... ... ... Official terminology

Estimate calculation (plan) of forthcoming income and expenses for the implementation of any activity. There are estimates for financing the activities of any enterprise, institution, for the performance of any work (design, construction, ... ... Wikipedia

A document that determines the cost of building a structure. The structure of S. with. includes: a) calculation of the cost of building materials; b) unit prices for the cost of individual elements of work and operation of mechanisms; c) calculation ... ... Technical Railway Dictionary

A surveyor is a specialist in determining the cost of construction. The main category of estimates includes: economists, estimates, engineers, estimates. For the first time, the definition of a estimator was given in the Charter of the All-Russian Trade Union of Estimators of the Russian ... ... Wikipedia

Place of interest Building of the National Library of Latvia project Country Latvia ... Wikipedia

Perrault, Dominique - French architect who won the competition for the design of a new building for the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. French architect, one of the most sought-after specialists in the world. Author of projects for the new building of the National Library of France, Olympic ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

PM 4-239-91: Automation systems. Dictionary-reference on terms. Benefit to SNiP 3.05.07-85 - Terminology PM 4 239 91: Automation systems. Dictionary reference for terms. Manual to SNiP 3.05.07 85: 4.2. AUTOMATION 1. Introduction of automatic tools for the implementation of processes STISO 2382/1 Definitions of the term from different documents: ... ...

an object - 3.14 object: An element that can be characterized by measuring its attributes. A source … Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

- (St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Peter [In this article, instead of the words St. Petersburg, abbreviations are allowed: St. Petersburg and St. Petersburg] the capital of Russia and the residence of the Russian Imperial House. The fate of the area of \u200b\u200bpresent St. Petersburg until 1703. In 1300 the Swedes set the city over ...

I (St. Petersburg, Petrograd, Peter [In this article, instead of the words St. Petersburg, abbreviations are allowed: St. Petersburg and St. Petersburg] the capital of Russia and the residence of the Russian Imperial House. The fate of the area of \u200b\u200bpresent St. Petersburg until 1703. In 1300 the Swedes established the city ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Estimate - This is a document that allows you to estimate the cost of production of certain works and costs. Estimates can be found in almost any field of activity, where it is necessary to preliminarily estimate the future limits of funds, and it is not at all necessary only in monetary terms. Estimates are often a simple calculation of resources in physical terms: meters, pieces, sets, etc.

The concept " ESTIMATE"Most common in the construction industry, the importance of this document is very significant. The estimate is a mandatory annex to any construction contract, on its basis the acceptance of the work performed and payments for them are carried out, it is also the basis for planning capital investments of almost all budgetary organizations for the upcoming planned periods of time.

Estimates in construction () have a huge number of types and varieties. The main estimate documents are:

✒ local estimate;
✒ object estimate;
✒ summary estimate calculation;
✒ summary of costs.

Construction estimates compiled according to the rules approved by Gosstroy Russian Federation (the main document for the development of estimates is the Methodology for determining the cost of construction products on the territory of the Russian Federation MDS 81-35.2004 (approved by the decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of March 5, 2004 N 15/1)) - are mainly used for works financed from the federal and municipal budgets.

Contacting professional estimating engineers will allow you to get an estimate made at the highest level. After all the estimate is far from just a document that determines the cost of work, this is a document defining the technology of work, the consumption of materials, as well as their quantitative and qualitative composition, types of construction machines, the quantitative composition of workers and much more. Based on this, we can conclude that the estimate is a document, the importance of which is difficult to overestimate; without it, the relationship between the contractor and the customer can become significantly complicated, which is unlikely to have a good effect on the quality and timing of construction and installation work.

Victor Olenev. 2009 ..

An estimate of expenses or costs is intended to group the forthcoming directed for the implementation of any activity. In addition, there are estimates aimed at financing the activities of any enterprise or organization. The goal may be to perform design or construction work, and the like. Thus, this document represents the preparation of which and approval must take place in accordance with the procedure established by law.

Cost estimates are drawn up for each type of cost. These can be raw materials and basic materials, an item of expenses for recyclable waste, auxiliary materials, fuel and energy, for wages (it is necessary to include both the main and additional), also for deductions for social insurance and other expenses.

In the estimate, they are not tied to any intermediate result, but are related to the whole project. That is, it can be costs for a consultant, for training specialists, or travel expenses... Fixed costs are also distinguished - these are administrative and general overhead costs. This type of cost does not imply immediate payment, but they have a place to be, and if the firm seeks to continue to exist, then ultimately they must be paid.

The cost estimate is the document that should always be kept in front of your eyes. By comparing the actual indicators with those laid down in the estimate, you can monitor the implementation of the plan. Being able to correctly read the estimate data, you can always catch the moment when the actual expenses will not correspond to the planned ones. This is what costs are required. Local budgeting will more accurately reflect the estimated costs. As a rule, it includes a detailed calculation with detailed explanations. A local cost estimate is drawn up if the volume of work and costs for these works are not final and are subject to further clarification. This is compiled for buildings and structures, as well as for general site works. In order to draw up this document, graphs, working drawings, equipment specifications, technical guidance materials can serve as the source material, it can also be information on tariffs and prices for consumption resources, and the like.

For any project, the preparation of estimate documentation is considered the most necessary moment. The information contained in this document must be correct, otherwise the profitability calculation will be fictitious. As a result, instead of a profitable enterprise, you can get a loss-making one. Such an estimate is drawn up at the basic price level, then there is a recalculation to the current level, according to indexing to cost elements.

Thus, the cost estimate is the documentation that includes the costs planned by the enterprise in the upcoming period of production and financial activities.

Practice shows that often an investor, especially a beginner, when contemplating a project, has a poor idea of \u200b\u200bwhat expenses that may entail. Any business requires a preliminary calculation of all costs, otherwise the customer may face the fact that he does not have enough money to complete the work. And this is the answer to the frequently asked question: what is the estimate for?

To begin with, let's define the concept. An estimate, what it is, when and why it is drawn up. An estimate is a financial document that makes it possible, with a significant degree of accuracy and in detail, to determine the cost of performing certain works. Calculations are made at the planning stage, after which they are all formalized in an official document and handed over to the customer.

The estimate is drawn up in various types of human activity, where there is a need for a preliminary calculation of costs. However, the concept of estimate documentation has the most important role in construction, where large funds are involved, and the execution of processes takes a long time (months and years). This can be a standardized set of documents or a calculation of resources or costs for one unit of materials (piece, running meter, kilogram). In combination with the project documentation and the construction contract, it is an essential element in the start of construction.

One of the participants in the investment project can prepare estimates:

• A designer who is in a contractual relationship with the customer. Usually in such cases is used resource method calculation;
• The customer, who determines the preliminary cost at the stage of preparing the feasibility study (feasibility study);
• General contractor who determines the cost of construction through contract bidding.

It is important that this responsible financial document is drawn up professional organizationhaving experience in such activities and a good reputation. An unprofessional approach to business can lead to underestimation or overestimation of the estimated cost of construction, which is equally unprofitable for the investor, since it entails additional costs. The financial documentation work is usually priced at a certain percentage of the total project cost.

Most often, estimates are made by construction organizations that will perform work and purchase building materials for them. It is important for the customer to take part in all stages of preparation of the documentation, to control the data entered into it by types of work, their cost, prices for materials, and to seek its correction. The use of modern specialized computer programs speeds up the execution of calculations, so organizations can offer the customer a choice on the basis of "price - quality" several options for estimates, taking into account different construction technologies and materials used. After selection best option the customer approves it, after which changes can be made to the document only with his consent.

Calculations when drawing up a financial plan are made on the basis of estimated norms, prices and rates, which are combined in thematic collections, which are the official justification for the preparation. All of them can be classified according to the subjects who developed them:

• Federal (state). These are guides GOS (State Estimated Norms), GESN (State Elemental Estimated Norms), FER (Federal Unit Rates). They are approved by the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation, can be used in any industry, and are mandatory for repairs or construction carried out at the expense of the state budget.
• Industrial and industrial (POSN). They are used in construction in certain industries, for example, energy or railways.
• Territorial (TEP). They are approved by local authorities and used for construction in the relevant area, incl. at the expense of local budgets.
• Individual and branded. They are developed for individual companies or organizations, taking into account the specifics of the construction and installation work carried out by them, usually based on federal, sectoral or territorial prices and standards.

All of the above collections of prices and standards in the complex form a single, applied throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, the system of estimated rate setting and pricing in construction. The information contained in the reference books is periodically updated taking into account inflationary processes and the development of construction technology.

Classification of estimates

Often, a preliminary determination of the cost of a large construction project is very difficult and even impossible due to constantly changing prices for labor resources, energy resources, construction materials, equipment and tools. In such cases, estimators go on the principle "from smallest to largest", using different types of estimates:

• Local are being prepared for one or another type of work, based on the scope of work, the number and range of equipment in force estimated standards, market rates and prices. For example, internal plumbing works, landscaping or installation of an alarm system. The price set includes direct costs, estimated profit and overhead costs.
• Object... They are formed at the current or basic level of prices for a specific object by summing up several local estimates and grouping data by the sections "Equipment", "Installation work", "Construction work", "Other costs". This also includes funds provided to cover the so-called limited costs (temporary structures, rise in the cost of processes in winter).
• Summary calculation estimated... Shows the limit of funds required for the complete completion of the object provided for by the project, financing of construction work is opened for it. The summary calculation includes everything and calculations for certain types of expenses. It is formed for construction as a whole, regardless of the number of contractors, based on the current price level. At the same time, the funds are distributed in separate chapters, depending on the specific object. When drawing up a summary estimate, the instruction provides for an explanatory note with a textual description of the main construction parameters.

When determining the cost of work, much depends on the agreement provided by the parties for the preparation of information documents. There are several types of estimates here:

• Conceptual... It is being prepared at the stage of elaboration of the feasibility study of the investment proposal. Based on the capacity of the object or the cost per unit of consumer properties. Accuracy from 17 to 20%.
• Investorskaya... It is developed at the pre-project stage as the basis for the starting price during the auction. In this case, a general plan, a sketch, a structure layout scheme, an enlarged calculation according to the specification of equipment and the scope of work are used. Accuracy from 10 to 13%.
• Contractor's estimate... Drawn up on the basis of tender documents in preparation for the conclusion of an agreement. When preparing it, the contractor uses FER and TEP and the experience of building similar objects earlier. There are already inflationary losses, organizational profits and subcontractor costs. Accuracy from 5 to 7%.
• Designer estimate... More complete documentation is used (project, working diagrams and drawings, unit prices, elementary norms, industry average prices), which increases the accuracy of calculations up to 2-5%.
• Executive... It is calculated according to the actual costs of the contractor at the final stage of construction, therefore, all additional costs incurred by the customer and the contractor are taken into account. From this financial document, the final book value the erected object.

The estimate can be in the form of a table, the columns of which indicate the types of work, their volume, quantity, price and cost of building materials, as well as additional processes and resources. In another version, it is possible to use such sections as direct costs (equipment operation, wages, purchase of building materials), overhead costs (deductions to funds, business trips, labor protection) and estimated profit

To confirm the correctness of the financial calculations, identify inaccuracies and make the necessary changes, the customer has the right to contact independent experts. Their services typically cost 0.3 to 0.5% of the total construction cost.

How to make an estimate

During the construction of any object, design and estimate documentation is initially drawn up. The main purpose of the estimate is a clear definition of the total cost of construction, taking into account possible changes in the market of building materials, equipment, etc. Estimated calculations are carried out on the basis of different approaches - in terms of time sx costs, basic price indices, spending on resources. Description of these approaches, as well as ready example estimates can be found in the article.

We define the purpose of creation

An estimate is a financial document containing a detailed cost plan for the construction of a real estate object. For convenience, these costs are divided into several sections, and below is the total cost at current or projected prices.

Budgeting involves achieving several goals at once:

1. Determination of the estimated cost - i.e. the total amount of construction.
2. Determination of costs for certain types of construction work at all stages.
3. Report on the expenditure of funds to the customer, representatives of government agencies, investors and other interested parties.
4. Possibility of adjusting the values \u200b\u200bin accordance with the changing situation in different construction markets.

Professionally compiled estimate - a guarantee of efficient spending of funds, continuous construction process, competent distribution financial resources... Therefore, in order to draw up the estimate documentation, it is necessary to choose a certain approach (methodology), then carry out the calculations and check their correctness.

Estimating methods

There are various methods of budgeting, which differ in the approach to determining construction costs.

Analog

This method is used in practice only in cases where the estimator initially has information with the prices of objects that have already been built or designed earlier. The method is called analog because both evaluated objects must be similar - for example, 2 residential buildings made of similar materials. At the same time, it is not necessary that they be identical: the main condition is the same values \u200b\u200bby units of measurement (running meter, square meter area, etc.).

Time-based

This approach involves determining the value based on the measurement of a unit of labor time. The technique has limited application, since it is usually used only when assessing small volumes of construction work. This can be repairs, household contracts, etc. With regard to the construction of large construction projects, other approaches are most often used.

Base-index

It is based on using databases with current and predicted indexes. At the same time, the cost is often determined at a basic level, from which the name of the method originated. It is also determined at the current level in the values \u200b\u200bof the previous period.

To determine the current prices, the basic values \u200b\u200bfor each element are multiplied by the index, choosing a value for:

• specific industry;
• by region;
• in view of work, etc.

Resource

The total cost of the object is determined on the basis of current (or projected taking into account inflation and other possible risks) prices for resources and tariffs. The calculation is based on resource costs, so this approach in practice is the most optimal for both the customer and the developer himself. Natural measurement costs allows you to adequately assess the costs of different items of the estimate. Therefore, this method can be applied for any of the stages of the development of estimate documentation.

However, the disadvantage of this approach is the great complexity and time for compiling calculations. In addition, the calculation is carried out according to rather complex formulas, which causes additional difficulties and increases the risk of errors or inaccuracies. Another drawback is associated with the fact that it is difficult for a customer to track price dynamics at the regional level. Therefore, he cannot fully control the disbursement of funds by the contractor.

Resource index

This approach combines resource, as well as the use of an index system for costing. The advantage of the technique is in sufficiently adequate calculations due to the use of databases that are updated monthly. Information is taken from single pricing centers. Some experts recommend using this method for not all resources in general, but only for representative materials, as well as for leading machines. As for other calculations, they can be carried out using regional indices.

Enlarged estimated standards

In this case, this definition of cost is used by the consolidation of the estimated standards. They are expressed in various units of measurement:

• interest;
• running meters;
• square meters of area, etc.

Most often, consolidated standards are used at 2 stages of creating documentation:

1. Early stages of design.
2. Development of documentation with the use of SD, PRZS, etc.

Basic compensation

The essence of the approach is that the cost estimates are summed up the price of costs and construction work, which are determined at the basic level. Then the obtained data are specified in the course of drawing up the project and the implementation of construction work, 1 spring real changes in prices and tariffs. If a difference arises, the customer will reimburse the costs as incurred. Most often, what costs include:

• overspending on materials;
• additional costs associated with low labor productivity;
• loss of time due to unforeseen circumstances;
• an increase in the estimate due to payment for the services of intermediaries, etc.

Structure and sample estimate report

The ultimate goal of the calculations is to draw up a consolidated estimate report, which will include the totals for 12 sections:

1. Preparation of the construction site.
2. Main construction objects.
3. Objects of ancillary and service purposes.
4. Energy facilities.
5. Transport facilities and communications.
6. External networks and structures of water supply, sewerage, heat supply and gas supply.
7. Landscaping and gardening of the territory.
8. Temporary buildings and structures.
9. Other work and costs.
10. The content of the directorate (technical supervision) of an enterprise (institution) under construction.
11. Training of operational personnel.
12. Design and survey work, field supervision.

The form of the finished document looks like this. The main part is presented in the form of a table with estimate numbers for each of these sections. The table also contains the names of the works, their estimated cost by type and total cost. When specifying the estimate numbers, references to the relevant regulatory documents (Letters of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, contracts, etc.) are required.

A ready-made example of a consolidated estimate report, which you can focus on when developing documentation, looks like this.

An example of drawing up an estimate report

The number and features of the design of estimate reports directly depend on the construction / installation / improvement facility, etc. Consider the instructions for drawing up a report using a specific example. The administration of the municipal district plans to carry out landscaping and landscaping. To do this, she concludes a contract with the selected company. All work must be carried out in strict accordance with the previously drawn up estimate documentation... The work is carried out in several stages.

Stage 1. Drawing up a list of types of work

First of all, the contractor must determine the specific types of planned work and determine their indicators:

• unit of measurement (pieces, square or cubic meters, etc.);
• the amount of work (for example, 1500 m 2 of the territory needs to be landscaped);
• the equipment required to perform these tasks (bulldozers, bitumen pumps, dump trucks, asphalt pavers, and many others); when performing work without the use of technology, an appropriate mark is put "manually".

The result of this stage should be a ready-made statement of the planned types of work. On its basis, estimators calculate all costs for materials / work, working hours, as well as employee salaries. The list is signed for each type of work - for example, in our example it will be planting trees, landscaping a lawn and much more.

Stage 2. Drawing up a sheet of calculation of material costs

For each planned type of activity, a statement is drawn up with the definition material costs... The document is also drawn up in the form of a table in which the following columns are indicated:

1. Type of material grouped by tasks. For example, for a lawn, the materials will be fertile soil and grass seeds for sowing.
2. The unit of measure for consumption - it can also be a square or cubic meter, the amount of material, as well as its cost per unit.
3. Next, indicate the total cost in rubles and give the total cost for each type of object (lawns, trees, driveways, etc.), indicating the total price for all work.

Stage 3. Drawing up a payroll statement for employees

Also, estimators must draw up a statement with payroll calculations.
Calculations are given in the form of a table with the following columns:

1. The name of the type of work (for example, making a lawn or planting trees).
2. The total volume indicated in the previously given units of measure (eg 1500 m 2 of lawn).
3. The rate of time that is supposed to be spent on this type of activity (hour).
4. Tariff rate - rubles per hour.
5. Additional payments subject to availability.
6. Total cost - wage fund (in rubles).

Stage 4. Drawing up lists for calculating the machine-hour

Also, estimates must calculate and data on the costs associated with the work of each type of equipment. For this, 2 reports are usually drawn up. The first one indicates the input data that are used to justify the calculation of the machine-hour (for each equipment item). For example, for a bulldozer, these will be:

• book value;
• wage rate;
• cost of 1 liter of fuel;
• fuel consumption rate;
• cost of 1 liter of lubricant, etc.

Based on this, each indicator associated with the costs of the bulldozer is calculated (depreciation, salary payments, fuel costs, materials, garage rent, etc.). As a result, a second report (statement) is drawn up, which describes:

• index;
• unit of measurement (ruble, month, hour, liter, etc.);
• total cost in rubles.

Stage 5. Local estimates

Finally, the estimator also prepares several local estimates. They are statements with lists of works, materials for each object (lawn, roads, trees, etc.). The following columns are used in the table:

1. The name of the type of expense (payment of wages, VAT, overhead costs, etc.).
2. Total amount.
3. Note if necessary.

Thus, drawing up a summary estimate report is always a multi-stage and rather laborious process. The speed of drawing up documentation directly depends on the complexity of the object, therefore, usually the preparation of the estimate is planned in advance.