Classification of industrial accidents according to various criteria

In the event of an accident at work, an investigation is organized. The procedure for conducting it depends on the category of the incident, which also affects the degree of responsibility of the employer. In this article, we will reveal the concept and types of an industrial accident, as well as dwell in more detail on the important nuances associated with such situations.

What is an industrial accident

As a general rule, the concept of an accident at work includes incidents that resulted in injury or death of an employee. According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, such incidents include injuries received in the line of duty during working hours on the territory of the organization or outside it - when going to the place of work on official vehicles, on a business trip, when performing overtime work, when eliminating the consequences of an accident, when walking or on transport on behalf of the authorities.

Classification of accidents

The accepted classification of accidents includes 2 categories of incidents:

1. domestic episodes. These are cases when a person is injured outside the territory of the organization and in his spare time - at home, on vacation or in other circumstances that are not related to his work. A domestic injury is also recognized as an injury received on the territory of the employer, but not in the performance of official duties (for example, a turner is injured while turning parts for personal needs), if the employee was in a state of intoxication.
2. labor situations. These are cases when a person is injured during working hours.
   Labor episodes are also divided into 2 subgroups:
   1. Manufacturing related incidents. These are incidents that occur directly during working hours or during a break. Working time also includes the way to work and home (for example,), if official transport is provided or an agreement is concluded for the use of a personal car for official purposes.
   2. Tragedies not related to production. These are cases where an employee was injured during working hours, but the only reason for this was intoxication or the commission of a criminal offense by the employee.

The decision on whether the incident is industrial or not is made by the commission of inquiry. Read about the procedure for forming commissions for the investigation of accidents.

Classification of NS in production

Industrial accidents are classified according to two main criteria: by the number of victims and by severity.

According to the number of victims, there are:

• individual industrial injuries (one victim);
• group (two or more victims).

According to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 160, all injuries as a result of accidents at work are divided into mild and severe. Severe injuries are recorded if they entail consequences, including the development of chronic diseases, disability, death of the victim.

Severe injuries are classified into 3 types depending on the definition of the severity of an accident at work:

1. First degree of severity. Accompanied by profuse blood loss, a state of shock, malfunctions of the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, liver, lungs, kidneys. Even if these violations are short-term, the injury is still recognized as severe.
2. Second degree of severity. Sometimes it does not appear immediately, but only during the initial examination in the emergency room or intensive care unit. The following injuries are recorded: fractures of the bones of the skull, pelvis, hips, injuries of the brain, joints and spine, penetrating wounds of the skull, pharynx, trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland, genitourinary system, abdomen with damage to the digestive tract, injuries of large blood vessels, burns over 15% bodies, miscarriages.
3. Third degree of severity. It is recorded in the presence of life-threatening injuries, as well as in case of loss of vision in one or both eyes, loss of an organ or cessation of its functioning, mental disorders, facial disfigurement, loss of hearing or speech.

The concept of an accident at work and its types are discussed in this video

When investigating incidents, the classifier of industrial accidents of the 2017 model is used. It contains 15 paragraphs that describe:

Prevention of NS

Each enterprise must contain in its staff a specialist who deals with labor protection issues - a labor protection engineer. If the enterprise has a small number of employees and this position is not provided for by the staffing table, then the head by his order appoints a person who conducts timely briefings with employees and controls the safety of work at the enterprise.

• 01 - 03 - injuries resulting from the use of outdated production technologies, faulty or insufficiently reliable mechanisms and equipment;
• 04 - injuries due to the fact that the buildings and structures of the organization do not meet safety requirements;
• 05 - as a result of a violation of the technological process;
• 06 - due to non-compliance with safety requirements during the operation of vehicles;
• 07 - due to elementary traffic violations;
• 08 - 09 - due to unsatisfactory organization of the performance of production tasks and unsatisfactory preparation of employees' workplaces;
• 10 - as a result of non-compliance with labor protection standards in the organization of work and training of personnel (instruction on labor protection was not carried out in time, training and testing of knowledge of workers whose work is associated with increased danger was not organized);
• 11-12 - due to non-use of protective equipment under difficult and harmful working conditions (they were not provided by the employer or employees showed negligence);
• 13 - violation of discipline by the victims (presence at work in alcoholic, narcotic, toxic intoxication);
• 14 - assignment to an employee of work for which he does not have sufficient qualifications or knowledge of safety;
• 15 - injuries for other reasons.

There are also different types of industrial accidents, based on the circumstances of the incident. These include:

• traffic accidents;
• falling from height;
• collapse;
• injury by moving, rotating or flying parts, materials, elements;
• influence of foreign bodies;
• physical overload;
• exposure to radiation;
• electric shock;
• exposure to extreme temperatures and natural factors;
• exposure to fire and smoke;
• harmful substances;
• nervous tension;
• contact with dangerous animals and plants;
• contact with water;
• illegal actions of third parties;
• intentional self-harm;

It is worth noting: there is a category of injuries that belongs to a controversial type. For example, an injury received at the workplace as a result of a fight, or an injury during a break for rest or lunch, or an injury received on the territory of the enterprise, but after hours, etc. Recognition of them as production or domestic depends on the decision taken by a specially created commission investigating the circumstances of the accident. Learn more about the investigation and recording of accidents at work.

There is also a classification of industrial accidents according to the type of injury. They are divided into:

• mechanical;
• physical;
• chemical;
• radioactive;
• and others.

As a result, the employee receives single or multiple injuries of the skin surface (abrasions and bruises), subcutaneous (fractures, torn ligaments) or abdominal (hemorrhage in the brain, abdominal cavity, etc.).

Our specialist will answer all your questions on the topic of the article in the comments