Organizations and individuals in rubles (% per annum). Average payment on short-term loans No hope of reduction

14.05.2018

In the Russian financial sector, despite the presence in it of a significant number of non-bank financial institutions, there was still a significant dominance of the assets of credit institutions, according to the report of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation for 2017, published on the regulator's website the other day.

At the end of 2017, the ratio of banking sector assets to GDP was more than 90%, while the ratio of assets of other major financial market participants to GDP in aggregate slightly exceeded 10%. In 2017, the population and business, as before, preferred comprehensive banking services. Nevertheless, the demand for the services of non-bank financial institutions has increased.

Credit organizations

In 2017, the banking sector functioned amid a gradual recovery in economic activity: a number of industries grew at a faster pace, real wages began to rise, and there were signs of a recovery in demand. The situation in the banking sector has also stabilized. The capital stock was assessed as sufficient for the further increase in lending and the development of the banking business.

The financial performance of the banking sector was favorably influenced by the gradual decline in the key rate and the cost of funding. In general, the quality of the loan portfolio has stabilized. Over the year, the overdue debt on loans changed insignificantly and remained at a consistently low level. At the same time, adequate reserves were created for bad loans.

The dynamics of reserves was influenced by additional formation of reserves for possible losses on problem assets in banking groups whose parent organizations are undergoing financial rehabilitation using the funds of the Banking Sector Consolidation Fund.

license reviews

The relative indicators of the banking sector were somewhat influenced by the dynamics of the ruble exchange rate, and the revocation of licenses of a number of credit institutions also affected. Therefore, in order to more accurately reflect the actual dynamics of the main indicators of the banking sector, this section provides data excluding the effect of the exchange rate for credit institutions that were in effect on 1.01.2018 (including banks reorganized during the year).

the population trusts

A positive characteristic of 2017 was the continued inflow of household savings into banks, which testified to the preservation of public confidence in banks. The banking sector's assets in 2017 increased by 9.0%, to 85.2 trillion rubles (in 2016 - an increase of 3.4%). Due to a less significant increase in assets in nominal terms compared to the dynamics of GDP, the ratio of banking sector assets to GDP changed over the year from 92.9% to 92.6%.

The volume of total assets of systemically important credit institutions (SLCOs) in 2017 increased by 10.6%, to 55.3 trillion rubles, including due to the inclusion of PJSC CREDIT BANK OF MOSCOW in their list (excluding this credit institution, the volume total assets in 2017 increased by 6.8%).

The structure of credit institutions' liabilities... Banking sector funding remained balanced in 2017. At the same time, household deposits took the first place in terms of their importance as a source of funding: their share in banks 'liabilities exceeded the share of enterprises' funds (30.5 and 29.2%, respectively, as of January 1, 2018). The volume of deposits of individuals2 in 2017 increased by 10.7% (in 2016 - by 11.8%), to 26.0 trillion rubles.

The share of Sberbank in the household deposit market in 2017 decreased slightly - from 46.6 to 46.1%. The total volume of deposits and funds of organizations on accounts in 2017 increased by 4.8%; their volume as of 01.01.2018 amounted to 24.8 trillion rubles. The share of the foreign exchange component decreased in 2017 for deposits of individuals from 23.7% to 20.6%, for deposits and funds on accounts of organizations - from 40.5% to 36.7%.

The volume of deposits and funds of organizations on accounts in SZKO in 2017 it grew by 5.6%, to 17.7 trillion rubles, and the volume of individual deposits increased by 11.6%, to 16.9 trillion rubles. Against the backdrop of a structural liquidity surplus, the borrowings of credit institutions from the Bank of Russia decreased significantly (by 25.7%).

The decrease in the share of these funds in banks' liabilities from 3.4% to 2.4% indicates that banks mainly used market sources of funding. The volume of funds placed on deposits with banks by the Federal Treasury tripled in 2017, and their share in the banking sector's liabilities increased from 0.4% to 1.2%.

Smooth decrease in the key rate The Bank of Russia contributed to the fact that the weighted average interest rate on ruble deposits of non-financial organizations for a period exceeding 1 year decreased from 9.0% per annum in January to 7.5% per annum in December 2017, on ruble deposits of individuals - from 7.8 to 6.4% per annum, respectively. The banking sector's liabilities in foreign currency in 2017 decreased by 7.1%, and their share in the total liabilities of the banking sector - to 21.8% (as of January 1, 2017 - 26.5%). The structure of assets of credit institutions. The total volume of loans to non-financial organizations and individuals in 2017 increased by 6.2% (in 2016 it decreased by 0.8%), to 42.4 trillion rubles. The volume of such loans from SZKO increased by 8.7%, to 31.4 trillion rubles. Debt on loans and other placed funds provided to non-financial organizations in the banking sector as a whole in 2017 increased by 3.7% (in 2016 - a decrease by 1.8%), to 30.2 trillion rubles.

The share of these loans in the assets of the banking sector in 2017 decreased from 37.6% to 35.4%. In 2017, the SME lending market for the first time since 2014 showed signs of recovery. The total volume of loans issued to SMEs in 2017 increased significantly (+ 15.4%)

The volume of debt on bank loans to SMEs increased by 1.3% and amounted to 4.2 trillion rubles as of January 1, 2018. This growth rate is due to a noticeable contraction of the portfolio. 3 The volume of loans issued to SMEs is given for the banking sector as a whole, without excluding the impact of currency revaluation and banks with revoked licenses.

corporate loans

In terms of types of economic activities, the largest share fell on loans to manufacturing enterprises (as of January 1, 2018 - 26.2% of the corporate loan portfolio; as of January 1, 2017 - 21.9%) 5. The share of loans to wholesale and retail trade enterprises in 2017 decreased from 15.5% to 7.3%. The dynamics of lending to enterprises of various types of activity in 2017 was multidirectional. Loans to agricultural and forestry enterprises increased by 9.2% over the year. Loans to enterprises engaged in the extraction of minerals (by 24.4%) and operations with real estate, lease and provision of services (by 27.3%) increased significantly.

At the same time, the debt on loans extended to construction companies decreased by 3.8%, and to wholesale and retail trade organizations - by 3.6%. The share of foreign currency loans in the total volume of loans to non-financial organizations in 2017 decreased from 32.2% to 29.7%, which was due to an increase in ruble lending against the background of a decrease in the volume of loans in foreign currency, as well as the strengthening of the ruble. The share of the foreign exchange component decreased on loans to organizations of all types of economic activity, except for organizations engaged in the production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. The largest decrease in this share was noted among enterprises engaged in the extraction of minerals (from 46.4 to 39.9%). However, they still had the highest share of foreign currency debt, given the significant foreign exchange earnings. Debt on loans to individuals in 2017 increased by 13.2% (in 2016 - by 2.5%), in the banking sector as a whole - to 12.2 trillion rubles. The segment of lending to individuals accounted for 14.3% of the banking sector's assets as of 01.01.2018.

The state of the economy of the Russian Federation

The volume of debt on mortgage loans in 2017 increased by 15.7% (in 2016 - by 12.1%), to 5.2 trillion rubles, which was facilitated by government subsidies of the interest rate on these loans. In mortgage lending, loans in rubles still prevailed - 99.2%. In total, in 2017, about 1.1 million mortgage loans were provided for the amount of more than 2 trillion rubles (in 2016 - 856 thousand such loans). The weighted average interest rate on ruble-denominated loans to non-financial organizations for a period exceeding 1 year in December 2017 amounted to 9.4% per annum, which is 3.1 percentage points lower than in January of the same year.

On ruble loans to individuals of the same maturity, the rate decreased from 16.2% per annum in January to 12.9% per annum in December. The weighted average interest rate on ruble-denominated mortgage loans fell from 11.8% per annum in January to 9.8% per annum in December.

Portfolio of securities in 2017 it increased by 9.7% (in 2016 - by 4.4%) to 12.3 trillion rubles, and its share in the banking sector's assets changed insignificantly and amounted to 14.5%. The main share (81%) in this portfolio was still occupied by investments in debt obligations. The volume of equity securities increased by 41.8%, and their share in the securities portfolio increased from 3.1% to 3.9%. Over the reporting period, the securities portfolio of SZKO increased by 13.5% to 7.3 trillion rubles. In the absence of liquidity problems for banks, the volume of claims of credit institutions against the Bank of Russia (on deposits and correspondent accounts) in 2017 increased by 67.6% (in 2016 - by 24.2%), to 4.2 trillion rubles; the share of these claims in the assets of the banking sector increased from 3.2% to 5.0%.

Assets of credit institutions in foreign currency(in dollar terms) in 2017 decreased by 9.0%, and their share in total assets - to 22.3% (as of 01.01.2017 - 27.8%). Claims and liabilities for interbank loans. The aggregate portfolio of interbank loans provided in 2017 increased by 10.0% (in 2016 - by 15.1%), to 9.8 trillion rubles; their share in the banking sector's assets remained virtually unchanged over the year and amounted to 11.5%. Interbank loans provided to resident banks increased by 14.8%, while interbank loans provided to non-resident banks decreased by 7.7%.

The volume of attracted interbank loans increased by 10.5% (in 2016 - by 30.6%), to 9.3 trillion rubles, and their share in the banking sector's liabilities increased slightly - to 10.9%; Interbank loans attracted from non-resident banks decreased over the year by 21.1%. I.2. Financial sector Annual report of the Bank of Russia for 2017 65 At the end of 2017, the Russian banking sector remained a net creditor for transactions with non-resident banks: the volume of net claims on non-residents in the interbank lending market amounted to 0.8 trillion rubles (a year earlier - 0.7 trillion rubles).

bank income

Financial results and capital of the banking sector in 2017. In 2017, operating credit institutions received a net profit of RUB 789.7 billion (2016 - RUB 929.7 billion). The decrease was due to a significant net addition of provisions for possible losses, which increased in 2017 compared to 2016 by 768.7 billion rubles, or 38.7%. The bulk of the restructuring fell on a number of large banks undergoing financial rehabilitation, including with the participation of the Bank of Russia.

The most significant item in the formation of the financial result of banks remained net interest income, its share in the factors of profit formation amounted to 64.2% (in 2016 - 66.5%). In 2017, net interest income decreased by 2.3% to 2.6 trillion rubles. The ratio to gross interest income of banks increased from 40.9% as of January 1, 2017 to 44.8% as of January 1, 2018, due to the outstripping decline in gross interest income. Net interest income from transactions with individuals for the year increased by 65.0 billion rubles, or 17.5%.

The tables show data on the weighted average interest rates and the structure of loans in rubles, US dollars and euros provided by credit institutions (excluding the State Development Corporation VEB.RF) and non-bank credit institutions engaged in deposit and credit operations (hereinafter referred to as credit institutions) , individuals and non-financial organizations (excluding individual entrepreneurs), both residents and non-residents. The information in the tables is presented by types of borrowers in the context of the terms for which loans were provided in the reporting month.

The share of loans (in percent) provided in the reporting month to individuals (including car loans) / non-financial organizations (including small and medium-sized businesses), calculated as the ratio of the volume of loans provided by credit institutions to individuals / non-financial organizations for each term to the corresponding total volume of loans granted in the reporting month.

A source of information on loans to individuals is the reporting of credit institutions in the form 0409128 "Data on weighted average interest rates on loans provided by a credit institution to individuals", according to loans to non-financial organizations - reporting of credit institutions in the form 0409303 "Information on loans to legal entities" established by Ordinance of the Bank of Russia dated 08.10.2018 No. 4927-U "On the list, forms, procedure for drawing up and submitting reporting forms of credit institutions to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation."

When calculating the weighted average interest rates on loans to individuals and non-financial organizations the following lending operations are excluded:

• interest-free transactions for the placement of funds;
• transactions to provide funds to affiliated persons (individuals and legal entities subject to reporting in the reporting form 0409051 "List of affiliated persons"), as well as other persons whose activities are controlled by a credit institution or whose activities are significantly influenced by a credit institution, and (or) persons that control or significantly influence the activities of the credit institution (in accordance with the criteria established by Article 64.1 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)"). In this case, the status of the borrower is determined on the date of the loan agreement (the last supplementary agreement);
• loans provided at a floating interest rate that changes depending on external price indicators (key rate of the Bank of Russia, LIBOR rate, stock indices, consumer price index and other indicators).

loans to individuals loans provided at non-market interest rates (rates values ​​above the maximum or below the minimum threshold level) identified by the filtering procedure are also excluded:

Based on the calculation of the weighted average interest rates on loans to non-financial organizations loan agreements are also excluded:

• for which the values ​​of the interest rate and volume are simultaneously recognized as atypical when applying the Tukey method;
• concluded at non-market interest rates (rates values ​​above the maximum or below the minimum threshold level) identified by the filtering procedure:

Weighted average interest rates on loans to individuals / non-financial organizations - weighted average interest rates on an annualized basis, calculated on the basis of annual interest rates established in loan agreements and the volume of loans extended and extended in the reporting month.

The weighted average interest rate on loans is calculated using the formula:

P1, P2, ... Pn - the nominal interest rate on the n-th transaction, set in the agreement;

V1, V2, ... Vn - the loan amount under the agreement (supplementary agreement) for the n-th transaction.

Car loans - loans provided for the purchase of vehicles and secured by the pledge of these vehicles.

Small and medium-sized businesses determined in accordance with the Federal Law of 24.07.2007 No. 209-FZ "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation" according to the unified register of small and medium-sized businesses of the Federal Tax Service.

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The values ​​of indicators of weighted average interest rates and the corresponding turnovers on operations of less than three credit institutions for each placement period are not calculated.

Subsection "Information on deposits (deposits) of individuals and non-financial organizations in rubles, US dollars and euros"

The tables show data on the weighted average interest rates and the structure of deposits attracted by credit institutions (excluding the State Development Corporation "VEB.RF") and non-bank credit institutions engaged in deposit and credit operations (hereinafter referred to as credit institutions) deposits (deposits) of individuals and non-financial organizations (starting from data for January 2016 - excluding individual entrepreneurs) in rubles, US dollars and euros. The information in the tables is presented in the context of the terms for which funds were raised in the reporting month.

The share of deposits (deposits) (in percent) for each term attracted in the reporting month was calculated as the ratio of the volume of deposits (deposits) of individuals / non-financial organizations attracted by credit institutions for each term to the corresponding total volume of deposits attracted in the reporting month.

The source of information is the reporting of credit institutions in the form 0409129 "Data on the weighted average interest rates on deposits attracted by the credit institution" established by Ordinance of the Bank of Russia dated 08.10.2018 No. 4927-U "On the list, forms, procedure for compiling and submitting reporting forms for credit institutions to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation ”.

When calculating the weighted average interest rates on deposits (deposits) of individuals and non-financial organizations, the following operations are excluded:

• deposits and deposits attracted at a floating interest rate that changes depending on external price indicators (key rate of the Bank of Russia, LIBOR rate, stock indices, consumer price index, and so on);
• interest-free operations to raise funds;
• deposits and deposits of affiliated persons (legal entities and individuals subject to reporting in the reporting form 0409051 "List of affiliated persons"), as well as other persons whose activities are controlled by the credit institution or whose activities are significantly influenced by the credit institution, and (or) persons, which control or significantly influence the activities of the credit institution (in accordance with the criteria established by Article 64.1 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)"). In this case, the status of the depositor is determined on the date of the conclusion of the deposit (deposit) agreement;
• guarantee deposits, deposits;
• subordinated deposits;
• structural (synthetic) deposits, deposits that combine elements of a bank deposit agreement and a financial derivative instrument.

Deposits attracted at non-market interest rates (rates values ​​above the maximum or below the minimum threshold level) identified by the filtering procedure are also excluded from the calculation of weighted average interest rates on deposits (deposits) of individuals and non-financial organizations:

Weighted average interest rates on deposits (deposits) of individuals / non-financial organizations - weighted average interest rates on an annualized basis, calculated on the basis of annual interest rates established in the agreements of deposits (deposit agreements), and the volumes of attracted and prolonged deposits (deposits) in the reporting month.

The weighted average interest rate on deposits (deposits) is calculated by the formula:

Pav = (V1 x P1 + V2 x P2 + ... + Vn x Pn): (V1 + V2 + ... + Vn),

V1, V2, ... Vn - the amount of the deposit (deposit), under the agreement (supplementary agreement) for the n-th transaction;

P1, P2, ... Pn - the nominal interest rate on the n-th transaction, set in the contract.

Scroll 30 largest banks of the Russian Federation published in the Bulletin of the Bank of Russia, the electronic version of which is posted on the official website of the Bank of Russia.

The values ​​of indicators of weighted average interest rates and the corresponding turnovers on operations of less than three credit institutions for each maturity are not calculated.

Until 2019, a source of information on loans to individuals and non-financial organizations. was the reporting of credit institutions (except for the state corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank)" and non-bank credit institutions) in the form 0409128 "Data on weighted average interest rates on loans provided by a credit institution." Starting from the reporting for January 2019, non-bank credit institutions engaged in deposit and credit operations submit reports in the form 0409128.

Once, having returned to the office from one of the court sessions, in which the judge, by her decision, managed to “cut” my penalty at 9 by her decision on a consumer dispute !! ("At 9 !!!, Karl!") Once, I immediately began to look for arguments to appeal against such application of Art. 333 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Is there any protection against such actions of the judge? Does it make sense to appeal this decision?

And that's what I had to face.

The Plenum of the RF Armed Forces in the Resolution of 03.24. No. 17 "On the application by the courts of certain provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation on liability for violation of obligations" indicated: "Evidence of the validity of the amount of the penalty can be, in particular, data on the average size of payments on short-term loans to replenish working capital issued by credit institutions to persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities , or payments on short-term loans issued to individuals at the location of the lender during the breach of the obligation, as well as inflation rates for the corresponding period. "

After rereading this paragraph several times, I still did not understand how to apply this construction. How to prevent a decrease in penalties based on this norm? And how can these innovations be explained to the court? Where can I find data on average sizes?

Almost anyone, upon seeing these wording, will simply close this Regulation and return to the standard appeal arguments. But it was not there. I propose to sort it out together.

Option "A". "The average size of payments on short-term loans for replenishment of working capital, issued by credit institutions to persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities."

Option "B". "The average payment on short-term loans issued to individuals at the location of the lender during the breach of the obligation."

First of all, let's simplify these constructions. In the first case, we are talking about lending to legal entities, in the second - to individuals, i.e. consumer lending.

The average payment on short-term loans is understood as the interest rate on the respective loans.

Where can I get this rate? Many experts suggest using the “Weighted average interest rates on loans provided by credit institutions to individuals in rubles” and “Weighted average interest rates on loans provided by credit institutions to non-financial organizations in rubles” for small and medium-sized businesses as a guideline for calculating the maximum minimum forfeit. Such information is posted on the website of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in the "Statistical Bulletin of the Bank of Russia" - clause 4.3.2. and p. 4.3.5.

It seems to me that this position is untenable. The Bank of Russia publishes information for Russia as a whole, but we need to take into account the "location of the creditor during the breach of the obligation", i.e. a specific subject of the Russian Federation.

Clarifications, or rather recommendations, on this issue could be given by the Scientific Advisory Council at the Arbitration Court of the Chelyabinsk Region (adopted at the meeting on May 24, 2013). According to these recommendations, as evidence of the proportionality of the penalty, it is necessary to provide at least three certificates of credit institutions providing loans to small and medium-sized businesses in the place of the debtor's business.

Thus, you can apply to any bank with a request for a certificate. As a guideline, you can use the list of the hundred largest creditors (banks), of course, you should start from the first positions of the list.

The following question arises: "How much is a short-term loan?" And there is no single answer to this question. For example, the same PJSC "Sberbank of Russia" considers such a loan for a period of 12 months. and a loan for a period of 48 months. PJSC "Bank VTB" indicates the provision of funds for a period of up to 1 year as short-term loans. In theory, short-term loans are considered to be issued for a period of no more than a year. However, more specific information can be obtained from the branch of the respective bank.

Option "B". "Data on inflation indicators for the relevant period." Inflation data are published on the Rosstat website. For example, the inflation rate in Russia in 2015. amounted to 12.91%. To calculate for a specific period, you can use inflation calculators.

After we figured out the interest rate, the fun math begins. It is necessary to calculate the amount of the forfeit using one of the bet options and compare the resulting figure with the figure obtained in the usual calculation. If the second value does not exceed the first, then the forfeit declared in the claim is subject to recovery in full.

The procedure is certainly difficult. And it is obvious that it is extremely difficult to apply the norms in this form. However, the end justifies the means.

zakon.ru

Average rates of bank interest on deposits of individuals. persons in rubles for the application of Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation

Print Calculator according to article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation Federal District: All Central Northwestern South North Caucasian Volga Ural Siberian Far Eastern Crimean

Bank of Russia information

Information on the average rates of bank interest on deposits of individuals for the purposes of applying Art. 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (by federal districts)

It contains information from the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the average rates of bank interest on deposits of individuals in rubles, in US dollars and in euros for the purposes of applying Art. 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation for the following federal districts: Central, North-West, South, North-Caucasian, Volga, Ural, Siberian, Far East.

Average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the Central Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros - Average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the Northwestern Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros - Average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the Southern Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros - Average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the North Caucasus Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros - Average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals for the Volga Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros - The average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the Urals Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros - The average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the Siberian Federal District in rubles , in US dollars, in euros - Average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the Far Eastern Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros - The average rate of bank interest on deposits of individuals in the Crimean Federal District in rubles, in US dollars, in euros

See also: Online calculator for calculating interest under the new rules of Art. 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation Article 395 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (as amended by the Federal Law of 08.03.2015 N 42-FZ, entered into force from 01.06.2015)

395gk.ru

What is the weighted average interest rate on loans?

The loan portfolios of individual commercial financial organizations, as well as the total loan portfolio of the Russian financial system, always consist of a certain number of loan agreements of various types. It can be issued loans of a long-term or short-term nature, working loans, investment loans and others.

Interest rates on different loan products can also vary markedly. To obtain accurate information about the real value of the loan portfolio of one credit institution or all commercial banks in Russia, financiers began to use the concept of the weighted average interest rate.

What is the financial term weighted average interest rate?

The financial term "weighted average interest rate" can be interpreted in several different ways:

• At the level of one credit institution, any commercial bank of Russia, the weighted average interest rate on loans issued or received can be called the weighted average cost of all loans issued or taken out by a particular company. This indicator may be required by the management of a financial institution to analyze its activities;
• At the level of the banking system, the financial market of the Russian Federation, the weighted average loan rate is an indicator of the value of loans issued and received by all commercial banks in the country. This indicator is of most interest to the Central Bank of Russia as a criterion for assessing the promotion of a unified monetary policy in the state, an indicator of the success of banking activities in the country as a whole.

Why do financiers calculate the weighted average interest rate on loans?

As a rule, commercial financial institutions in our country are constantly trying to regulate their own liquidity, regularly attracting additional resources from outside or placing surplus available resources outside the bank. At the same time, the resources of commercial banks can be called:

• Their start-up capital;
• Real balances of funds in bank accounts of current or current type belonging to individuals and / or legal entities;
• Deposit agreements of various organizations;
• Bank deposits of the population;
• Interbank and other loans.

When a commercial financial institution is excessively liquid, it may well be interested in issuing interbank loans to other less liquid structures. However, given the lack of liquidity, commercial banks, on the contrary, are ready to actively raise funds in the interbank credit market.

The cost of various interbank loans (their interest rates) are in direct proportion to the equilibrium of demand and supply of money in the market. In turn, interest rates on interbank lending operations can affect the cost of loans to private clients, as well as the profitability of specific financial institutions.

That is why the Central Bank of Russia regularly tries to monitor and regulate the volume of lending operations in the interbank credit market, as well as adjust interest rates on interbank loans.

By regularly calculating the indicator of the weighted average interest rate related to interbank lending operations, the Central Bank of Russia gets an excellent opportunity to adequately respond in a timely manner to any changes in liquidity in the country's banking system, as well as to the cost of public resources.

How is the weighted average lending rate determined?

A standard formula is used to calculate the weighted average interest rate on loans. It is customary to carry out calculations on the balances of debts for each financial institution.

The formula for calculating the weighted average interest rate on loans may look like this:

PCA = (∑ (Loan balances * interest rates on loans)) / (∑ (total debt)

The Central Bank constantly carefully monitors any changes in the weighted average interest rate on loans in order to have the most important information to assess the value of the total loan portfolio of the country's banking system.

It is important to understand that the indicator of the weighted average interest rate on loans describes the cost of absolutely all credit resources in the state. It is this indicator that can be used as the main criterion for the efficiency of the entire financial system of the country.

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Pages - Monetary Statistics

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How to determine the average interest rate 🚩 the weighted average interest rate is 🚩 Loan products

There are several types of interest rates. Depending on the term, you can distinguish the annual interest rate, monthly, quarterly. Most often it is said about the rate for the year or the percentage per annum. Other indicators are used extremely rarely, most often in order to conceal the real annual interest rate on a loan.

Depending on the property of the interest rate to change over time, there are fixed and floating rates. The fixed rate is prescribed in the contract, it is stable and does not change under the influence of any external factors. Neither side can reconsider it.

Unlike its counterpart, the floating rate may be revised periodically based on fluctuations in some indicators. For example, some banks increase deposit rates when a certain amount is reached on the account. Another example is metal deposits. In this case, money is invested in precious metals, and the profitability of the deposit depends on changes in prices for them on world markets.

Depending on the time of payment of interest on the loan, there are decursive and anti-sipative rates. The latter is paid at the time the loan is issued, i.e. is advanced by the borrower, practically never occurs in practice.

There are also nominal and real interest rates. The real interest rate, unlike the nominal one, does not include inflation.

From the standpoint of the banking market participants, a distinction is made between the discount interest (refinancing rate), bank interest (credit and deposit rates), and also the interbank interest rate.

The refinancing rate is the most important economic indicator that reflects the percentage at which the Central Bank lends to banks. With its help, the Central Bank regulates the volume of the money supply, the inflation rate, the balance of payments, the exchange rate in the country.

Bank interest is the most common form of loan interest in Russia. The loan interest is formed on the basis of the base rate, the premium for the risk of non-repayment of debt and the credit assessment fee.

Deposit rates are always lower than credit rates by several percentage points. The difference between them is called "interest margin", it forms the bank's profit.

The interbank interest rate operates in the interbank lending market. They are quite volatile and dependent on market conditions.

The refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in Russia is 8.25%. It is on it that banks' interest rates on loans and deposits depend. Banks, as a rule, attract deposits at a rate slightly lower than the refinancing rate, and loans at an interest higher than it.

During 2013, the average rate on deposits has been steadily declining. According to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, in December 2013 it amounted to 6.2% per annum (for up to a year, excluding demand rates), having decreased by almost 1% by the beginning of the year.

The average annual interest rate on loans is much higher. At the end of 2013, it was 23.5%.

You need to find out the average payment for short-term loans to replenish working capital for the period from August 03.08.2016) to 02.06.2017. (necessary to reduce the contractual penalty).

Answer