Intangible assets are reflected in the balance sheet of the organization. Tangible non-current assets in the balance sheet of the enterprise. Section I "Non-current assets"

The balance sheet is a document that most fully reflects the movement of funds within an enterprise or organization, as well as their amount at the beginning and end of a certain period. The balance sheet consists of several sections, each of which, in turn, is divided into lines.

The first section of the form is called "Non-current assets". What is it, and what lines does it contain?

Section "Non-current assets" in the balance sheet

Non-current assets are fixed assets and fixed assets invested in tangible objects and values that are used in production, but, at the same time, are not spent in its process, unlike current assets. can participate in the production process repeatedly, while their value is transferred to the cost of finished products gradually in the form of depreciation.

Section I of the balance sheet includes the following lines:

1110 - intangible assets

Intangible assets (IA) are assets that do not have a physical embodiment, however, representing a certain value for their owner.

NMAs include:

trademarks/service marks;
literary and scientific works, as well as objects of art;
inventions and utility models;
know-how; - selection achievements;
business reputation (goodwill) - the name of the company in the market, which, if sold, may have a certain value.

The main criterion by which intangible assets can be distinguished is their alienability, i.e. the possibility of transferring the right to use them to a third party, despite the absence of a physical embodiment. This means that the qualification of an employee, his intellect, knowledge and skills cannot be recognized as intangible assets.

1120 - research and development results

This line contains information on the amount of funds spent on research and development work. In this case, only those works for which the results are obtained are taken into account:

subject to legal protection, regardless of whether they are properly executed or not;
in accordance with the provisions of the current legislation, not subject to legal registration.

The expenses incurred for the implementation of R&D include:

the cost of materials purchased for the performance of work;
remuneration of employees and services of third parties;
deductions for social needs (including insurance premiums);
equipment depreciation;
the cost of specialized equipment and tooling purchased for the project;
costs for the maintenance and operation of installations and structures directly involved in R&D;
other expenses, if they are related to the performance of such work.

1130 - fixed assets

Fixed assets are material values that are used by the enterprise in the production process and for management purposes for a period exceeding 12 months.

building;
structures;
equipment;
Computer Engineering;
measuring instruments;
vehicles;
instruments;
perennial plantations;
breeding stock, etc.

Fixed assets of the enterprise are accounted for on account 01, with the exception of funds provided for temporary use or possession for the purpose of generating income - they are accounted for on account 03 as part of profitable investments in material assets.

1140 - profitable investments in material assets

Such investments include fixed assets that are intended to be provided to third parties for the purpose of obtaining material benefits.

1150 - financial investments

This line contains information on the amount of material investments, the maturity of which exceeds 12 months from the date of their transfer for use. The amount of investments at the end of the reporting period is indicated taking into account the adjustment made by the enterprise during this period.

Such investments may include:

securities;
contributions to the authorized capital of both third-party and own subsidiaries;
loans granted to other organizations, deposits, as well as accounts receivable formed as a result of the assignment of a debt claim.

1160 - deferred tax assets

A deferred tax asset is a part of deferred income tax that allows you to reduce the amount of tax payable to the budget in the following reporting periods.

1170 - other non-current assets

This line contains information about all assets that are not included in the listed categories, provided that their maturity exceeds 12 months.

Such assets may include:

investments in other non-current assets and expenses for the completion of previously started R&D;
prepaid expenses, such as a lump-sum payment for the right to use;
the cost of young perennial plantations that cannot be exploited at the present time;
the amount of advances transferred as payment for works and services for the construction of fixed assets.

1100 - total for section I

The value indicated in this line characterizes the total amount of non-current assets available to the enterprise. The line should contain information for three reporting periods - as of December 31 of the current year, as of December 31 of the last and the year before last.

So, non-current assets are the funds of an enterprise that are not spent in the production process, but transfer their value to the cost of manufactured products in the form of depreciation. In the balance sheet, all non-current assets are divided into 7 large groups, each of which includes assets characterized by certain characteristics.

/ Line 110

Line 110 of financial statements refers to balance sheet until 2011.

This line of the balance sheet reflects the residual value of intangible assets (IA) owned by the organization - an amount equal to the difference between the debit balance on account 04 "Intangible assets" and the credit balance on account 05 "Amortization of intangible assets". If the organization, in accordance with the accounting policy, accrues depreciation for all objects of intangible assets without using account 05, then line 110 of the balance sheet reflects the debit balance of account 04.

According to paragraph 4 of PBU 14/2007 “Accounting for intangible assets”, intangible assets include:

works of science, literature and art, programs for electronic computers, inventions, utility models, breeding achievements, production secrets (know-how), trademarks and service marks;
goodwill arising in connection with the acquisition of an enterprise as a property complex (in whole or in part).

Please note: payment for the use of someone else's intellectual property (for example, the use of computer programs without acquiring exclusive rights to them) does not lead to the appearance of intangible assets on the organization's balance sheet. Such expenses are recorded on account 97 “Deferred expenses” and during the period established by the organization in accordance with the terms of the contract or independently based on the useful life of the object, they are evenly written off to cost accounts (20, 25, 26, 44, etc.).

Such intangible assets as goodwill arise relatively rarely. It is taken into account in the general order - on account 04.

If the organization carried out research, development and technological work (R & D), then when drawing up the balance sheet, you need to pay attention to the following point. The results of R&D work according to the Chart of Accounts are accounted for on account 04 “Intangible Assets”, but an intangible asset is not always formed. For example, this happens if the results of R&D are not subject to legal protection in accordance with the law, or when registration is provided for such objects, but the organization did not register them for one reason or another.

Line 110 of the balance reflects only intangible assets. Therefore, the cost of the results of R&D performed, which are not an object of intangible assets, but are listed on account 04, is indicated in line 150 “Other non-current assets”.

If the organization has a lot of intangible assets or individual objects (groups of homogeneous objects) of intangible assets are recognized as significant in value or significance, the organization has the right to break down the balance by types of intangible assets. To do this, after line 110, additional lines should be entered.

An organization that has given an intangible asset for trust management must reflect its residual value in line 110.

The founder of trust management, transferring the object of intangible assets to the trustee, debits it from the credit of account 04 to the debit of account 79 “Intra-economic settlements”, subaccount 3 “Settlements under the contract of trust management of property”. If the depreciation of this intangible asset was accrued using account 05, then its amount is debited from the debit of account 05 to the credit of account 79-3.

Before compiling reports, the manager is obliged to provide the founder of the department with data on the cost of intangible assets and accrued depreciation. The founder of the management reflects the residual value of this intangible asset in the balance sheet on line 110, while not including the corresponding balances on account 79 in the balance sheet.

Balance asset

Any property of the enterprise - machinery and equipment, real estate, financial investments, debts of debtors, etc. - is its assets. This is all that can be converted into cash.

The asset balance reflects the value of the property of the organization, broken down by its composition and areas of placement. When filling out the balance, you must remember the following:

Fixed assets, intangible assets, profitable investments in material assets are reflected in the balance sheet at their residual value;

The value of the balance of goods and other inventories is reflected in the asset balance less the amount of the reserve for the decrease in the value of material assets (if, as a result of the inventory, it became necessary to create such a reserve);

If the organization, after conducting an inventory of settlements with buyers and customers, has created a reserve for doubtful debts, the balance of receivables is reflected in the asset balance less the amount of this reserve;

Financial investments are reflected in the asset balance minus the created reserve for their depreciation.

The asset balance consists of two sections: Sec. I "Non-current assets" and sec. II "Current assets". Let us consider in detail each article of these sections of the balance sheet.

Section I "Non-current assets"

The "Non-current assets" section of the balance reflects information about the organization's assets that are used to generate profit for a long time. These are intangible assets, fixed assets, profitable investments in material assets, financial investments, deferred tax assets and other non-current assets of the organization.

Line 110 "Intangible assets"

Intangible assets in accordance with paragraph 4 of PBU 14/2000 "Accounting for intangible assets" include:

Exclusive rights to intellectual property (inventions, industrial designs, utility models, computer programs, databases, trademarks and service marks, etc.);

Organizational expenses (costs associated with the formation of a legal entity);

Positive business reputation of the organization.

Please note: payment for the right to use someone else's intellectual property (for example, the use of computer programs without acquiring exclusive rights to them) does not lead to the appearance of intangible assets on the organization's balance sheet. Such expenses are recorded on account 97 "Deferred expenses" and during the period established by the organization in accordance with the terms of the contract or independently based on the useful life of the object, they are evenly written off to cost accounts (20, 25, 26, 44, etc.).

Intangible assets such as organizational expenses and a positive business reputation are relatively rare. They are accounted for in the general order - on account 04.

If the organization carried out research, development and technological work (R & D), then when drawing up the balance sheet, you need to pay attention to the following point. The results of work on the implementation of R&D according to the Chart of Accounts are accounted for on account 04 "Intangible assets", but an intangible asset object is not always formed. For example, this happens if the results of R&D are not subject to legal protection in accordance with the law, or when registration is provided for such objects, but the organization did not register them for one reason or another.

An organization that has given an intangible asset for trust management must reflect its residual value in line 110.

The founder of trust management, transferring the object of intangible assets to the trustee, debits it from the credit of account 04 to the debit of account 79 "Intra-economic settlements" subaccount 3 "Settlements under the contract of trust management of property". If the depreciation of this intangible asset was accrued using account 05, then its amount is debited from the debit of account 05 to the credit of account 79-3.

Line 120 "Fixed assets"

Fixed assets - this is a part of the organization's property, which is used as a means of labor for the production and sale of goods (performance of work, provision of services) or for the implementation of management tasks and is not intended for sale. Fixed assets include buildings, vehicles, power lines, computer and cash equipment, furniture, etc. The procedure for accounting for fixed assets is established by PBU 6/01 "Accounting for Fixed Assets" and the Methodological Guidelines for Accounting for Fixed Assets, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 13.10.2003 No. 91n.

Assets (property) are accepted for accounting as fixed assets if they meet the following criteria:

Are intended for use in production purposes or for the management needs of the organization, and not for sale;

Their useful life is more than 12 months;

Able to bring economic benefits to the organization.

Fixed assets are accounted for on account 01 of the same name. Their cost is transferred to costs by accruing depreciation, the amount of which is reflected on account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets". Line 120 of the balance sheet shows the residual value of fixed assets - the debit balance on account 01 "Fixed assets" minus the amount of depreciation accrued on the credit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets".

Please note: if the organization has property accounted for on account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets", then when calculating the residual value of fixed assets reflected in line 120 of the balance sheet, the balance on account 02 should be reduced by the amount of the balance on the sub-account "Depreciation of property, relating to profitable investments. These depreciation amounts will be taken into account when calculating the indicator of line 135 of the balance sheet.

Similarly, when calculating the residual value of fixed assets, reflected in line 120 of the balance sheet, the amount of depreciation accrued on account 02 for real estate objects recorded on account 08 that have been put into operation, but the ownership of which has not yet been registered, is not taken into account. The residual value of such real estate is reflected in line 130 of the balance sheet, which means that depreciation on them is taken into account when calculating this indicator.

If, according to the accounting policy, the organization keeps records of constructed (acquired) real estate objects, the state registration of ownership of which has not yet been completed, on account 01 "Fixed assets", then their residual value should be reflected in line 120 of the balance sheet.

Line 120 of the balance sheet also reflects the cost of special tools, special equipment and overalls, if, according to the accounting policy of the organization, this property is accounted for on account 01 "Fixed assets".

Fixed assets that, according to accounting rules, are not subject to depreciation (for example, land, housing stock, external amenities, etc.) are reflected in line 120 at their original (replacement) cost. The depreciation accrued on these objects on off-balance account 010 is reflected in the form No. 1 in lines 970 and 980 of the section "Certificate on the presence of values recorded on off-balance accounts".

The cost of fixed assets is reflected in the balance sheet, regardless of whether they are in operation or are under reconstruction, conservation, or in stock.

In some cases, account 01 may contain fixed assets received by the organization for rent. This accounting methodology is provided for when renting an enterprise as a property complex, as well as when receiving leased property, if under the contract the leased asset is accounted for on the balance sheet of the lessee. In this case, the tenants of the property complex and lessees show in line 120 of the balance sheet the residual value of the fixed assets received on lease (leasing).

A special case is property transferred to trust management. The founder of the management, transferring the fixed assets to the manager, writes off their value from the credit of account 01 "Fixed assets" to the debit of account 79 "Intra-economic settlements" subaccount 3 "Settlements under the contract of trust management of property". Depreciation accrued on these fixed assets prior to their transfer to trust management is written off from the debit of account 02 to the credit of account 79-3.

The fixed assets transferred under the trust management agreement are accounted for on a separate balance sheet and separately from the trustee's own property. However, in the financial statements, data on these fixed assets as their own assets should be shown not by the manager, but by the founder of the trust management. It reflects the residual value of fixed assets transferred to trust management in line 120 of the balance sheet.

To do this, the trustee is obliged, before compiling reports, to submit to the founder of the management (in the form of a balance sheet and other reporting forms) data on property, liabilities, income and expenses received in the performance of the contract. The founder of the department, when compiling financial statements, fully includes these data in it. The founder of trust management does not indicate the corresponding balances on account 79 in the balance sheet.

Thus, if an organization has transferred property to trust management, it must increase the line 120 indicator by the residual value of fixed assets according to the trustee's report.

The sample form No. 1 recommended by the Ministry of Finance of Russia does not provide decryption lines for the article "Fixed assets". If the organization's balance sheet has a large number of fixed assets or it becomes necessary to show separately the most significant groups of these objects, the organization may enter additional lines to line 120 of the balance sheet. At the same time, the types of fixed assets that are insignificant in terms of cost and significance can be combined into the "Other fixed assets" group.

Line 130 "Construction in progress"

First of all, it should be noted that the name of this line must be understood in a broad sense. Under "construction in progress" refers to the amount of capital investments in progress. These are the costs of unfinished construction and installation works and other capital works and costs (design and survey, geological exploration and drilling, costs for land acquisition and resettlement associated with construction, costs for the formation of the main herd of productive and working livestock, etc.). d.). In addition, line 130 reflects the costs of acquiring intangible assets and fixed assets that require and do not require installation, before they are put into operation. Line 130 indicates the amount of costs for work performed both in an economic and contract way. Incomplete capital investments are reflected in the balance sheet at actual costs for the developer (investor).

If, according to the accounting policy, the organization does not transfer the constructed or acquired real estate objects to account 01 "Fixed assets" before receiving documents confirming the state registration of ownership, but continues to record them on a separate sub-account of account 08 "Investments in non-current assets", then the cost of these real estate objects should also be reflected in line 130.

Please note: for real estate objects for which capital construction has been completed, an act of acceptance and transfer has been drawn up, documents have been submitted for state registration of ownership and which are actually operated by the organization, depreciation should be charged in accordance with the generally established procedure. Moreover, regardless of which account - 01 "Fixed assets" or 08 "Investments in non-current assets" - these real estate objects are kept. This requirement is established by paragraph 52 of the Guidelines for accounting for fixed assets. Therefore, when compiling the balance sheet, the value of such real estate objects recorded on account 08 should be reflected minus the depreciation amounts charged on these objects on account 02.

The indicator of line 130 is formed as the sum of the debit balances of the accounts:

07 "Equipment for installation";

08 "Investments in non-current assets";

16 "Deviations in the value of material assets" (in terms of deviations related to property, the value of which is reflected in accounts 07 and 08).

Please note: on line 130 of the balance sheet, the amount of advance payments transferred to suppliers and contractors cannot be reflected in the cost of construction in progress. According to paragraph 3 of PBU 10/99 "Expenses of the organization", the amounts of advances and prepayments are not recognized as expenses of the organization. Line 130 of the balance reflects the actual costs of the organization for capital investments, and the amounts of advances do not belong to them. They form accounts receivable, which is reflected in the corresponding lines of the asset balance.

Recall that the organization has the right to show significant performance indicators separately. If the organization's capital investments are of a diverse nature, then to decipher the indicator of line 130, it can enter additional lines in the balance sheet form.

Line 135 "Profitable investments in material assets"

This line reflects the residual value of property intended for lease (leasing) or rental. This is the debit balance on account 03 "Profitable investments in material assets" minus the amount of depreciation, which is reflected in the credit of account 02 "Depreciation of fixed assets" sub-account "Depreciation of property related to income investments".

According to paragraph 17 of PBU 6/01, depreciation is not charged for housing stock (residential houses, dormitories, apartments, etc.), which are owned by the organization. However, if an organization uses such objects to generate income, they should be accounted for on account 03 and depreciation on them should be accrued in the generally established manner. The residual value of these objects is reflected in line 135 of the balance sheet.

Please note: if the organization ceases to use the property as a profitable investment (for example, after the expiration of the leasing agreement, the lessor organization uses the property returned by the lessee for its own needs - for the production of products, etc.), this property should be written off from account 03 "Income investments into tangible assets" to the debit of the accounts of the relevant assets (account 01 "Fixed assets", etc.). The residual value of such property is reflected in other lines of the balance sheet.

Line 140 "Long-term financial investments"

Accounting for financial investments is regulated by PBU 19/02 "Accounting for financial investments". The financial investments of the organization include:

Securities (government, municipal, corporate), including debt securities, in which the date and amount of redemption are determined (bonds, promissory notes);

Contributions to the authorized (share) capital of other organizations (including subsidiaries and affiliates);

Loans granted to other organizations;

Deposits in credit institutions;

Accounts receivable acquired under an assignment agreement of the right to claim;

Contributions of a partner organization under a simple partnership agreement, etc.

Financial investments are considered long-term if their maturity (circulation) exceeds 12 months.

Line 140 reflects the amount of balances on accounts 58 "Financial investments" and 55 "Special accounts in banks" sub-account 3 "Deposit accounts" in terms of amounts related to long-term investments. They should be reduced by the amount of the reserve for the depreciation of financial investments - the credit balance of account 59 "Reserve for the depreciation of financial investments" in terms of financial investments for a period of more than a year.

When drawing up the balance sheet, it should be taken into account that financial investments that were previously long-term may become short-term by the end of the reporting period. For example, an organization in April 2003 issued a loan for a period of three years (until April 2006). In the balance sheet for the first half of 2005, the amount of this loan can be reflected not in line 140, but in line 250 "Short-term financial investments".

Securities that are quoted on the stock exchange and whose quotation is regularly published are reflected in line 140 at the current market value, which is determined as of the end of the reporting period. If the market price is lower than the carrying amount of such securities, the organization creates an allowance for depreciation of financial investments. In the balance sheet, the creation of a reserve is reflected in the posting:

Debit 91 Credit 59 - a reserve for depreciation of financial investments has been accrued.

As already mentioned, line 140 indicates an amount equal to the difference between the value of these securities, recorded in the debit of account 58, and the balance of account 59. The balance of account 59 is not reflected in the balance sheet.

If the cost of the organization's long-term financial investments is significant or the organization has a need to show the most significant types of financial investments separately, it has the right to enter additional lines to decipher the line 140 indicator.

Line 145 "Deferred tax assets"

This line of the balance reflects the debit balance on account 09 "Deferred tax assets".

Deferred tax assets are created when deductible temporary differences (RTDs) arise when the amount of tax profit from a transaction is greater than the profit according to accounting data. For example, deductible temporary differences appear if any expense is recorded in accounting in a larger amount than when forming the tax base for income tax. Moreover, it is assumed that in the following periods this expense will be recognized in tax accounting.

In addition, VVR may arise for organizations that calculate income tax on a cash basis. For them, the cost of goods (works, services) not paid to suppliers (contractors), accounted for in accounting as part of the costs (for example, when writing off unpaid materials for production), does not reduce the tax base for income tax until the moment of payment.

The amount of the deferred tax asset is calculated as the product of the deductible temporary difference and the income tax rate. In accounting, a deferred tax asset is reflected in the following entry:

Debit 09 Credit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" - a deferred tax asset has been accrued.

In the future, when expenses previously written off in accounting are recognized for income tax purposes, the amount of deferred tax assets is reduced. This is reflected in the wiring:

Debit 68 sub-account "Calculations for income tax" Credit 09 - reflects the repayment of the previously accrued deferred tax asset.

The balance of account 09 may be small in amount. However, in terms of its significance, this is a significant indicator. It reflects the amount that will reduce income tax in subsequent reporting periods. Therefore, deferred tax assets must be reflected in the balance sheet as a separate line. This amount cannot be included in other non-current assets.

PBU 18/02 gives organizations the right to reflect in the balance sheet (rolled up) the amount of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities (clause 19 PBU 18/02). To do this, determine the difference in the balance of accounts 09 and 77. If the debit balance on account 09 "Deferred tax assets" is greater than the credit balance on account 77 "Deferred tax liabilities", then the difference between them is reflected in line 145 of the balance sheet. Line 515 "Deferred tax liabilities" in this case is not included in the balance sheet.

And vice versa: if the balance of account 77 is greater than the balance of account 09, the difference between them is reflected in line 515. In this case, line 145 does not need to be included in the balance sheet.

Line 150 "Other non-current assets"

Line 150 indicates the residual value of assets that are not reflected in other lines of the "Non-current assets" section of the balance sheet. For example, these can be expenses for research, development and technological work (R & D), which are not recognized as an object of intangible assets, but are accounted for on account 04 "Intangible assets".

When completing this line, consider the following. As part of other non-current assets, those assets are reflected, the value of which is recognized as insignificant and information about which is not important for interested users of financial statements.

Line 190 "Section I total"

Line 190 - final for section. I balance. It reflects the value of all non-current assets available in the organization. The indicator of line 190 is formed as the sum of the lines:

110 "Intangible assets";

120 "Fixed assets";

130 "Construction in progress";

135 "Profitable investments in material assets";

140 "Long-term financial investments";

145 "Deferred tax assets";

150 "Other non-current assets".

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Appendix N 3 to the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia N 66n provides an example of registration of explanations to the balance sheet and income statement. In this example, sect. 1 "Intangible assets and expenses for research, development and technological work (R&D)" includes subsection 1.5 "Pending and unregistered R&D and pending acquisitions of intangible assets". At the same time, in sect. I of the new form of the balance sheet does not have a separate line to reflect the organization's unfinished capital investments. Nevertheless, we believe that the organization's investments in intangible assets that do not meet the requirements of paragraph 3 of PBU 14/2007 should not participate in the formation of the indicator lines 1110"Intangible assets". These investments, in our opinion, can be reflected in line 1170 "Other non-current assets".

What is included in intangible assets

Intangible assets may include:
- works of science, literature and art;
- objects of related rights (performances, phonograms, etc.);
- programs for electronic computers and databases;
- inventions;
- useful models;
- selection achievements;
- production secrets (know-how);
- trademarks and service marks;
- other protected results of intellectual property and means of individualization listed in paragraph 1 of Art. 1225 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
An object is accepted for accounting as an intangible asset if the following are fulfilled: terms:
a) the entity is capable of delivering economic benefits to the entity in the future.
This condition is met if the object is intended for use in the production of products, in the performance of work or the provision of services, for the management needs of the organization;
b) the organization exercises control over the object.
That is, the organization has security or other documents confirming the existence of the asset itself and the exclusive rights of the organization to it. Such documents are, in particular, patents, certificates, an agreement on the alienation of the exclusive right to the result of intellectual activity or to a means of individualization;
c) it is possible to isolate or separate (identify) the object from other assets;
d) the object is intended to be used for a long time.
Long is the useful life of more than 12 months or the normal operating cycle if it exceeds 12 months;
e) the entity does not intend to sell the property within 12 months or the normal operating cycle if it exceeds 12 months;
f) the actual (initial) cost of the object can be reliably determined;
g) the object has no material-material form.
The composition of intangible assets also takes into account a positive business reputation that arose upon the acquisition of an enterprise as a property complex (in whole or in part) (clauses 3, 4 of the Accounting Regulation "Accounting for Intangible Assets" (PBU 14/2007), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance Russia dated December 27, 2007 N 153n).

Attention!
Objects of intellectual property in respect of which the organization does not have an exclusive property right are not included in the composition of intangible assets. Their cost is reflected on account 97 "Deferred expenses" (paragraph 2, clause 39 of PBU 14/2007). In particular, copies of computer programs and databases used on the basis of license agreements with copyright holders are not intangible assets.

At what cost are intangible assets recorded in accounting

Intangible assets are accepted for accounting to account 04 "Intangible assets" at the actual (initial) cost, which is determined in the manner prescribed by paragraphs 7 - 15 of PBU 14/2007. The cost of intangible assets (with the exception of intangible assets with an indefinite useful life) is repaid through depreciation, which is accounted for on account 05 "Depreciation of intangible assets" (clauses 6, 23 PBU 14/2007, Instructions for the application of the Chart of Accounts). During the useful life of intangible assets, the accrual of depreciation charges is not suspended (paragraph 2, clause 31 of PBU 14/2007).

Attention!
For intangible assets accepted for accounting before 01/01/2008, depreciation deductions could be reflected by reducing the initial cost of the object reflected on account 04 (clause 21, paragraph 2 clause 29 of the Accounting Regulation "Accounting for intangible assets" PBU 14 / 2000, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 16, 2000 N 91n, Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts).

Actual (initial) cost Intangible assets may change in cases of their revaluation or depreciation.
A commercial organization may annually revalue intangible assets at the current market value, determined solely on the basis of active market data for these intangible assets. Revaluation of intangible assets is carried out by recalculating their residual value (clauses 16, 17, 19 of PBU 14/2007).

Attention!
Since 2011, revaluation of intangible assets has been carried out at the end of the reporting year. As before, the amount of the revaluation of the intangible asset as a result of the revaluation is credited to the additional capital of the organization. However, now if in previous reporting periods an intangible asset was discounted and the amount of the markdown was charged to the financial result as other expenses (before 01/01/2011 - to the account of retained earnings), then the amount of revaluation of the intangible asset equal to the amount of its markdown is credited to the financial result in as other income (and not to the account of retained earnings, as it was before).
The amount of depreciation of an intangible asset as a result of revaluation since 2011 is included in the financial result as other expenses (and not in the account of retained earnings, as it was before). If in previous reporting periods an intangible asset was revalued and the amount of the revaluation was included in the additional capital of the organization, then the amount of the markdown of the intangible asset is included in the reduction of additional capital, and the excess of the amount of the depreciation of the intangible asset over the amount of its revaluation credited to the additional capital is attributed to the financial result in as other expenses.
Until 01/01/2011, the old version of clause 20 of PBU 14/2007 is in effect, according to which the results of the revaluation of intangible assets carried out as of 01/01/2011 are not included in the financial statements for 2010 and are accepted when forming opening balances on accounts 04, 05 , 83, 84 as of 01/01/2011.

In addition, intangible assets can be tested for impairment in the manner prescribed by International Financial Reporting Standards (clause 22 of PBU 14/2007).
In cases of revision of the useful life or method of calculating the depreciation of intangible assets, adjustments are made, which are reflected as changes in estimated values (i.e., in the amount of accrued depreciation) (clauses 27, 30 PBU 14/2007). Recall that changes in estimated values are subject to the Accounting Regulation "Changes in estimated values" (PBU 21/2008), approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 06.10.2008 N 106n.

What accounting data is used when filling out line 1110 "Intangible assets"

This line of the balance sheet indicates residual value Intangible assets of an organization (clause 35 PBU 4/99, Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated 01/30/2006 N 07-05-06/16). The residual value of intangible assets is determined as the difference between the balance of accounts 04 and 05 (including revaluation and impairment).

Attention!
Property in accounting is classified at the time of its recognition, based on the compliance with the established criteria for the types of assets. Therefore, information about intangible assets with a remaining useful life of 12 months or less as of the reporting date cannot be disclosed in Sec. II "Current assets" and should be included in section. I of the Balance Sheet (Letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia of December 19, 2006 N 07-05-06 / 302).

Attention!
If the organization on account 04 also takes into account the costs of completed R&D, the results of which are not subject to legal protection, then the amount of such expenses must be excluded from the balance of account 04.

Line 1110 "Intangible assets" of the balance sheet = Debit balance on account 04 (excluding R&D expenses) - Credit balance on account 05

In general, line 1110 "Intangible assets" as at 31 December of the previous year and 31 December of the year preceding the previous year are transferred from the balance sheet for the previous year.
If an organization annually revaluates intangible assets, then when compiling financial statements for the reporting periods of 2011, in order to ensure comparability of reporting data, it must adjust the comparative indicators for the revaluation amounts in such a way as if revaluations were not made as of 01/01/2011 and 01/01/01 .2010, and at the end of 2010 and 2009 respectively. These adjustments are due to the fact that a change in the regulatory legal act on accounting (in particular, PBU 14/2007) entails a change in the accounting policy of the organization. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia N 186n, which amended PBU 14/2007, did not establish a special procedure for reflecting in accounting and reporting the consequences of changes related to the new rules for the revaluation of intangible assets. Therefore, in this case, the consequences of a change in accounting policies are reflected in the financial statements retrospectively (clauses 10, 14, 15 PBU 1/2008).
Thus, in the columns "As of December 31, 2010" and "As of December 31, 2009" the residual value of intangible assets is indicated as of 01.01.2011 and 01.01.2010, respectively, i.е. taking into account revaluations carried out as of those dates.

Purpose of the article: reflection of information on the incurred intangible costs in the activities of prospecting and exploration work at the deposits, as well as the exploration of minerals in certain areas of the subsoil.
Line number in the balance sheet: 1130.
Account number according to the chart of accounts: debit balance of sub-account 08.11 minus the credit balance of account 05 (in terms of depreciation).

Exploration assets mean the organization's investments in the search, exploration and development of deposits, as well as the exploration of minerals in the bowels. All assets are divided into tangible (costs incurred for the creation or acquisition of tangible objects) and intangible (all other costs associated with search and intelligence activities).

According to PBU, the intangible assets of the company in this case include:

the right to carry out activities for prospecting, reconnaissance activities, as well as activities for the analysis of mineral deposits;
information on studies of a predetermined area (for example, topographic analysis of the territory);
results of ongoing exploratory drilling;
the results of the analysis of the collected samples;
geological conclusions about the state of the bowels of a certain area;
analysis of benefits and making a final decision on the commercial feasibility of extracting resources in a particular area.

Acceptance of costs in company accounting

The organization independently decides on the distribution of the costs incurred between intangible exploration assets and ordinary activities. The decision taken should be recorded in the accounting policy of the company.

In the accounting of companies, legal and legal acts are accepted at the cost of all actually incurred costs for their creation, namely:

the cost of goods, services of suppliers in accordance with the contract of sale of NLA;
the cost of work performed under construction contracts and other agreements;
payment for information and consulting services;
payment of obligatory customs payments;
taxes and duties, further reimbursement of which is impossible;
the amount of depreciation deductions in the company's non-current assets used in the formation of a new intangible exploration asset;
remuneration of employees involved in the process of formation of legal acts;
fulfilled obligations of the company in relation to environmental protection, liquidation of buildings and structures related to the implementation of prospecting and exploration activities in the bowels, as well as exploration of minerals;
money spent on the acquisition of a license to perform work on intangible prospecting assets.

Line 1130 of the balance sheet contains information about the actual costs of creating intangible assets, taking into account depreciation deductions as of December 31 of the reporting year, the past and preceding the previous one, i.e. the balance sheet line reflects the residual value of intangible exploration assets as part of the company's non-current assets. An increase in the indicator, as a rule, indicates a positive trend.

Recognition of the commercial feasibility of resource extraction

If the analysis of exploration data has shown positive results and there is documentary evidence of the economic feasibility of extraction, the company must take certain actions:

Transfer existing intangible exploration assets to intangible assets.
Note! In some situations, the price of an intangible exploration asset may influence the formation of the value of the company's main property. For example, the costs of geological work for specific wells may form the actual price of the well itself when it is recognized as part of the firm's fixed assets.
Stop accounting for subsequent costs incurred in this subsoil area as part of intangible exploration assets.

Normative base

Information on the incurred intangible costs associated with the search and evaluation of deposits, as well as the exploration of minerals, is displayed in accordance with PBU 24/2011, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 06.10.2011 No. 125n.

Practical example

Joint stock company "Bereza" in November of the reporting period bought the exclusive right to explore an oil field. The price of the rights was 400 thousand rubles. (including VAT 61 thousand rubles). The cost of consulting a specialist amounted to 12,000 rubles (excluding VAT).

Business operations

Dt08.11 Kt60

338,983 rubles - reflecting the receipt of the right to intelligence activities.

61017 rubles - including input VAT.

Dt08.11 Kt76

12000 - the cost of consulting services is taken into account.

61017 - VAT accepted for deduction.

Common accounting entries

Formation of the initial book value in accounting.
Dt08.11 Kt60 - payment for the services of suppliers.

Dt08.11 Kt70 - wages of workers involved in the process of creating intangible prospecting assets.

Note! Additionally, postings with account 69,02,96, etc. can be generated.
Transfer of existing intangible exploration assets to the intangible asset section for their further use.
Dt04 Ct08.11.
Write-off of the costs incurred due to the futility of their further application in the company's activities.