Federal Law of the Russian Federation on Accounting. New accounting law. Briefly about the main thing. Innovations in terms of general provisions and requirements for the organization of accounting

Federal Accounting Law 402 is an updated document that replaces its predecessor 15 years ago.

402 FZ on accounting in the latest edition 2016 - changes and summary

Federal law on accounting 402 FZ in the latest edition, is an update of the concepts. It also highlights the key points of accounting, lists the necessary documents for reporting. The document contains updated standards based on the information provided by the regulatory authorities. The new document represents the Russian accounting rules, approximated to international standards. It is based on four chapters.

What are the foundations and principles of 402 FZ:

• First chapter. It explains the purpose, scope of the law and its subject matter. Key terms are also explained in this chapter. The financial statements are presented here as information about the position of the economic entity to the audited date. It also describes the result of activities and cash flow for a specified period in accordance with the requirements established by law. The first chapter explains such an important concept for the updated law as "international standard" - a standard that is a custom in international money circulation;
• The second chapter describes the requirements for accounting. Includes 14 articles. Examines concepts such as: accounting policy, initial package of documents, inventory, etc. This chapter describes the requirements for a candidate who wants to take the post of chief accountant: higher education, work experience, no criminal record on financial issues. Particularly discussed in this article is the concept of the organization's ability to approve the primary forms of paper itself. New amendment to the law on the company's ability to exercise its own internal control;
• The third chapter tells the general provisions of accounting regulation in Russia. The principles of management, subjects of regulation, how functions are distributed, etc. are established here. This chapter explains federal accounting standards in detail;
• The fourth chapter will outline the final provisions. A special article is devoted to the storage of accounting documents. The permissible shelf life is 5 years. It is important and mandatory to comply with the orders of the Ministry of Finance and the Federal Tax Service.

When did FZ 402 come into force?

Federal Law on Accounting from 06.12. 2011 No. 402-FZ has been in effect since January 1, 2013. Prior to the adoption of this law at the end of 2011, accounting in Russia was regulated by the Federal Law No. 129-ФЗ dated November 21, 1996. In the updated version, new concepts have appeared: imaginary and feigned accounting objects, which reflect the presence of accounting distortion.

Documentation and its storage - who ensures the safety of documents according to the law?

The legislation of the Russian Federation is obliged to store documents on the accounting of activities. The conditions and the procedure itself are governed by regulations, which are not always taken into account by novice accountants. Let's try to find out what kind of securities we are talking about and what is the procedure for storing them.

So, organizations are obliged to ensure the safety of documents within the time frame established by law. So, primary documents, accounting registers and other financial statements are stored according to the rules of the organization, but not less than five years.

Within 4 years, the organization is obliged to ensure the safety of important information necessary for calculating the taxes paid and withheld. In other words, to comply with the RF NZ, documents are stored for at least 4 years, and to comply with the RF NZ - 5 years. The security of storing accounting documents is ensured by an economic entity, which must also provide protection against changes in information.

Write-off of goods in accounting

You can write off goods in accounting in various ways. The most commonly used write-off method is at the average cost per unit.

In order to write off, you can use different accounts:

• If the product is being sold, then the cost price must be written off to account 90. This is where revenue and costs are compared.
• If there is a shortage and loss, the goods must be written off to account 94, which examines the loss of values.
• When a product is handed over to agents for sale, for example, it is debited to account 45.

Balance delivery

In 2016, financial statements must be submitted once a year. Includes: balance sheet, statement of financial results, applications. Dates from January 1 to December 31 are covered. The report must be submitted from January 1 to March 30.

Small business inventory

Before submitting a financial report once a year, an organization or institution must take an inventory of its own property. This is done in order to check the presence of assets and assess their condition. Through the inventory process, you can check whether the accounting data and the reporting provided are accurate.

Description of the Federal Law "On Accounting"

For the first time in the history of Russia, the Federal Law "On Accounting" N 129-FZ was adopted on November 21, 1996 and took an important place in the system of other laws developed in relation to the specifics of market relations.

The Accounting Law regulates the following issues:

• § defines the objects and main tasks of accounting;
• § unambiguously defines the basic concepts used in the legislative regulation of accounting;
• § establishes the rights and obligations of officials of organizations for organizing accounting, as well as responsibility for violating the requirements of the legislation on accounting;
• § defines the basic requirements for accounting, preparation and maintenance of primary accounting documents and accounting registers;
• § establishes general principles for assessing the property and obligations of the organization;
• § establishes the terms and general requirements for the inventory of property and the obligations of the organization;
• § determines the terms, addresses and procedure for submitting financial statements;
• § establishes the procedure for keeping accounting documents.

This Law is of great importance for the development of accounting in the country, since:

• a) enhances the legal status of accounting standards for commercial and non-commercial organizations;
• b) fixes the obligation of legal entities to keep accounting records;
• c) raises the status of accounting standards to the level of the status of norms of other legislation. The Accounting Law consists of three sections and 19 articles. The first section "General Provisions" defines the essence of accounting, names its objects (property of the organization, its obligations and business operations), indicates the tasks of accounting, provides the basic concepts used in accounting (synthetic and analytical accounting, Chart of accounts, accounting reporting, etc.).

The procedure for regulating accounting is outlined, in accordance with which the general methodological guidance of accounting is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the bodies that are granted the right to regulate accounting develop and approve charts of accounts and instructions for their use, provisions (standards) on accounting and others. normative acts, and methodological guidelines for accounting. Responsibility for the organization of accounting in organizations, compliance with legislation in the performance of business transactions is assigned to the heads of organizations.

The second section "Basic rules of accounting" sets out the requirements for accounting (the obligation to double-record business transactions based on the working chart of accounts, the implementation of accounting in Russian, in the currency of the Russian Federation, the obligation to form an accounting policy and the obligation of separate accounting of current costs and capital and financial investments), to documenting business transactions, maintaining accounting registers, assessing property and liabilities, the procedure for making an inventory of property and liabilities.

The third section "Basic rules for the preparation and presentation of financial statements" sets out the basic requirements for the preparation of financial statements, defines its composition, the rules for evaluating financial statements, the procedure for their presentation, the basic rules for the preparation of consolidated financial statements and the procedure for storing accounting documents.

On January 1, 2013, the Federal Law of December 6, 2011 No. 402-FZ "On Accounting" came into force. Unlike the previous Law on Accounting (Federal Law of 21.11.1996 No. 129-FZ, hereinafter - Law No. 129-FZ) Law No. 402-FZ defines the subject and purpose of this law. The objectives are to establish uniform requirements for accounting, including accounting (financial) statements, as well as to create a legal mechanism for regulating accounting. And the subject is direct accounting, which is understood as the process associated with the formation of "documented systematized information about the objects provided for by this Federal Law, in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law, and drawing up accounting (financial) statements on its basis." This is due to the fact that any law is designed to regulate certain social relations on the basis of the introduction of a certain set of norms. In our case, these are relations related to the regulation of accounting.

Compared to the previous procedure, the requirements of Law No. 402-FZ also apply to “individual entrepreneurs, as well as to lawyers who have established law offices, notaries and other persons engaged in private practice (hereinafter referred to as persons engaged in private practice)”. At the same time, individual entrepreneurs and persons engaged in private practice and carrying out their activities without forming a legal entity are allowed not to keep accounting, provided that they keep records of income or income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation about taxes and fees.

The concept of applying the provisions of the law has also been introduced into legal practice. Apparently, the nature of the application of this definition requires certain clarifications. In particular, what is the status of this category?

It should be noted that the norms of Law No. 402-FZ should apply in full both to individuals - economic entities, and to the corresponding types of economic relations, in particular, when maintaining budgetary accounting of assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, as well as in the preparation of budgetary reporting. The same applies to accounting for asset management and when carrying out operations related to the implementation of a production sharing agreement.

Article 3 of Law No. 402-FZ contains a number of categories that are new for documents of this level. In particular, this applies to such concepts as "accounting standard", "international standard", "head of an economic entity", "fact of economic life", and some others. The need to consolidate a number of norms at the level of federal law is due to the fact that these norms have already become firmly established in the practice of domestic accounting, but did not have an appropriate legal status.

At the same time, in comparison with Law No. 129-FZ, such definitions as “synthetic accounting”, “analytical accounting”, etc. have been derived. and other types of documents.

Article 4 of Law No. 402-FZ includes in the accounting legislation not only laws, decrees of the President of Russia and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, as it was before, but also other normative legal acts adopted in accordance with the laws. Thus, a legal conflict is removed when various methodological materials (instructions, guidelines, etc.) were not recognized in the courts and tax authorities on the grounds that their status was not enshrined in the Law “On Accounting”.

The main content of the Federal Law No. 402-FZ "On Accounting"

The goal of the new Law on Accounting is to eliminate outdated and ineffective norms, to eliminate gaps.

Article 1. Objectives and Subject of this Federal Law

1. The objectives of this Federal Law are to establish uniform requirements for accounting, including accounting (financial) statements, as well as to create a legal mechanism for regulating accounting.

2. Accounting - the formation of documented systematized information about the objects provided for by this Federal Law, in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law, and the preparation of accounting (financial) statements on its basis.

Article 3. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are used:

1) accounting (financial) statements - information on the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period, systematized in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law;

2) an authorized federal body - a federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to exercise the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial reporting;

3) accounting standard - a document that establishes the minimum necessary requirements for accounting, as well as acceptable methods of accounting;

4) international standard - an accounting standard, the use of which is custom in international business, regardless of the specific name of such a standard;

5) chart of accounts of accounting - a systematized list of accounting accounts;

6) reporting period - the period for which the accounting (financial) statements are drawn up;

7) the head of an economic entity - a person who is the sole executive body of an economic entity, or a person responsible for the conduct of the business of an economic entity, or a manager to whom the functions of the sole executive body have been transferred;

8) fact of economic life - a transaction, event, operation that have or are capable of influencing the financial position of an economic entity, the financial result of its activities and (or) cash flow;

9) public sector organizations - state (municipal) institutions, state academies of sciences, state bodies, local self-government bodies, governing bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, governing bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds.

All economic entities (including those that have switched to the simplified tax system) must maintain accounting. The exception is individual entrepreneurs (IE); individuals in private practice; structural divisions of foreign organizations (provided that tax accounting is maintained).

The objects of accounting are the facts of economic life (transactions, events, operations). Assets. Obligations. Sources of financing for activities. Income and expenses. Other objects, if it is established by federal standards. Previously, the objects of accounting were the property of organizations, their obligations and business transactions.

Previously, heads of organizations could conduct accounting personally. This right remains only with the heads of small and medium-sized businesses.

The head approves samples of primary accounting documents. At the same time, albums of unified forms are not mentioned in the new law.

Previously, accounting was signed by the head and the accountant (including the chief). It is now considered to be drawn up after being signed by its supervisor.

The obligatory details of accounting registers, accounting features during the reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity have been determined. It has been fixed how federal accounting standards are developed and approved.

With regard to accounting, it is impossible to establish a trade secret regime. Previously, the content of accounting registers and internal accounting was such.

The previous Law on Accounting contained a provision allowing not to apply the accounting rules if they do not allow to reliably reflect the property status and financial results of the organization. The new does not provide such an opportunity.

Accounting Law

the federal law
No. 402-ФЗ dated 06.12.2011

About accounting

Accepted
The State Duma
22.11. 2011

Approved
Federation Council
29.11.2011

List of changing documents
(as amended by Federal Laws of June 28, 2013 N 134-FZ,
from 02.07.2013 N 185-FZ, from 23.07.2013 N 251-FZ,
dated 02.11.2013 N 292-FZ, dated 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ,
dated 28.12.2013 N 425-FZ, dated 04.11.2014 N 344-FZ)

Chapter 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Objectives and Subject of this Federal Law

1. The objectives of this Federal Law are to establish uniform requirements for accounting, including accounting (financial) statements, as well as to create a legal mechanism for regulating accounting.

2. Accounting is the formation of documented systematized information about the objects provided for by this Federal Law in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law, and the preparation of accounting (financial) statements on its basis.

Article 2. Scope of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law applies to the following persons (hereinafter referred to as economic entities):

1) commercial and non-commercial organizations;

2) state bodies, local self-government bodies, governing bodies of state off-budget funds and territorial state off-budget funds;

3) Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

4) individual entrepreneurs, as well as lawyers who have established law offices, notaries and other persons engaged in private practice (hereinafter referred to as persons engaged in private practice);

5) branches, representative offices and other structural subdivisions of organizations established in accordance with the legislation of foreign states located on the territory of the Russian Federation, international organizations, their branches and representative offices located on the territory of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

2. This Federal Law is applied when maintaining budgetary accounting of assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, operations that change these assets and liabilities, as well as when drawing up budget reporting.

3. This Federal Law shall be applied when the trustee maintains accounting of the property and related accounting objects transferred to him in trust management, as well as when maintaining, including by one of the legal entities participating in a simple partnership agreement, accounting of the common property of partners and related him accounting objects.

4. This Federal Law is applied in accounting in the process of executing a production sharing agreement, unless otherwise provided by Federal Law No. 225-FZ of December 30, 1995 "On Production Sharing Agreements".

5. This Federal Law shall not apply to the creation of information necessary for the preparation of statements by an economic entity for internal purposes, statements submitted by a credit institution in accordance with its requirements, as well as statements for other purposes, if the legislation of the Russian Federation and the rules for compiling such reporting does not provide for the application of this Federal Law.

Article 3. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are used:

1) accounting (financial) statements - information on the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period, systematized in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law;

2) authorized federal body - a federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to exercise the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial reporting;

3) accounting standard - a document that establishes the minimum necessary requirements for accounting, as well as acceptable methods of accounting;

4) international standard - an accounting standard, the use of which is customary in international business, regardless of the specific name of such a standard;

5) chart of accounts of accounting - a systematized list of accounting accounts;

6) reporting period - the period for which the accounting (financial) statements are drawn up;

7) head of an economic entity - a person who is the sole executive body of an economic entity, or a person responsible for the conduct of the business of an economic entity, or a manager to whom the functions of the sole executive body have been transferred;

8) fact of economic life - a transaction, event, operation that have or are capable of influencing the financial position of an economic entity, the financial result of its activities and (or) cash flow;

9) public sector organizations - state (municipal) institutions, state academies of sciences, state bodies, local self-government bodies, governing bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, governing bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds.

Article 4. Legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting

The legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws and regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with them.

Chapter 2. GENERAL ACCOUNTING REQUIREMENTS

Article 5. Objects of accounting

The objects of accounting of an economic entity are:

1) facts of economic life;

2) assets;

3) obligations;

4) sources of funding for its activities;

5) income;

6) expenses;

7) other objects if it is established by federal standards.

1. An economic entity is obliged to maintain accounting records in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

2. Accounting in accordance with this Federal Law may not be kept by:

1) an individual entrepreneur, a person engaged in private practice - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income or income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation or physical indicators characterizing a certain type of entrepreneurial activity; (Clause 1 as amended by Federal Law dated 02.11.2013 N 292-FZ)

2) a branch, representative office or other structural subdivision of an organization established in accordance with the legislation of a foreign state located on the territory of the Russian Federation - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner prescribed by the specified legislation.

3. Accounting is kept continuously from the date of state registration until the date of termination of activities as a result of reorganization or liquidation.

4. Simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, are entitled to apply, unless otherwise provided by this article, the following economic entities:

1) small businesses;

2) non-profit organizations;

(Clause 2 as amended by Federal Law of 04.11.2014 N 344-FZ)

3) organizations that have received the status of participants in the project for the implementation of research, development and commercialization of their results in accordance with the Federal Law of September 28, 2010 N 244-FZ "On the Skolkovo Innovation Center".

(Part 4 as amended by Federal Law dated 02.11.2013 N 292-FZ)

5. Simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, are not applied by the following economic entities:

1) organizations whose accounting (financial) statements are subject to mandatory audit in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

2) housing and housing construction cooperatives;

3) consumer credit cooperatives (including agricultural consumer credit cooperatives);

4) microfinance organizations;

5) public sector organizations;

6) political parties, their regional branches or other structural subdivisions;

7) collegiums of advocates;

8) law offices;

9) lawyer consulting;

10) bar chambers;

11) chambers of notaries;

12) non-profit organizations included in the register of non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent, provided for in paragraph 10 of Article 13.1 of the Federal Law of January 12, 1996 N 7-FZ "On Non-Commercial Organizations".

(Part 5 is introduced by the Federal Law of 04.11.2014 N 344-FZ)

Article 7. Organization of accounting

1. Accounting and storage of accounting documents are organized by the head of the economic entity.

2. In the event that an individual entrepreneur, a person engaged in private practice, maintain accounting records in accordance with this Federal Law, they themselves organize accounting and storage of accounting documents, and also bear other obligations established by this Federal Law for the head of an economic entity.

3. The head of an economic entity is obliged to entrust accounting to the chief accountant or another official of this entity, or to conclude an agreement on the provision of accounting services, unless otherwise provided by this part. The head of a credit institution is obliged to entrust accounting to the chief accountant. The head of an economic entity who, in accordance with this Federal Law, has the right to apply simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, as well as the head of a medium-sized business entity, with the exception of economic entities specified in part 5 of Article 6 of this Federal Law, may take over accounting.
(as amended by Federal Laws of 28.12.2013 N 425-FZ, of 04.11.2014 N 344-FZ)

4. In open joint-stock companies (with the exception of credit institutions), insurance organizations and non-state pension funds, joint-stock investment funds, management companies of mutual investment funds, in other economic entities whose securities are admitted to trading in organized auctions (except for credit institutions), in governing bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, governing bodies of state territorial extra-budgetary funds, the chief accountant or other official entrusted with the maintenance of accounting must meet the following requirements:

1) have a higher education;
(as amended by Federal Law of 02.07.2013 N 185-FZ)

2) have work experience related to accounting, preparation of accounting (financial) statements or auditing activities, at least three years out of the last five calendar years, and in the absence of higher education in accounting and auditing - at least five years out of the last seven calendar years;

(as amended by Federal Law of 02.07.2013 N 185-FZ)

3) not have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for economic crimes.

5. Additional requirements for the chief accountant or other official charged with maintaining accounting records may be established by other federal laws.

6. An individual with whom an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must comply with the requirements established by part 4 of this article. A legal entity with which an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must have at least one employee who meets the requirements established by part 4 of this article, with whom an employment contract has been concluded.

7. The chief accountant of a credit institution and the chief accountant of a non-credit financial institution must meet the requirements established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

> 8. In the event of a disagreement regarding accounting between the head of an economic entity and the chief accountant or other official entrusted with accounting, or a person with whom an agreement on the provision of accounting services has been concluded:

1) the data contained in the primary accounting document is accepted (not accepted) by the chief accountant or other official entrusted with accounting, or by a person with whom an agreement on the provision of accounting services has been concluded, for registration and accumulation in accounting registers by written order of the head of the economic entity, who is solely responsible for the information generated as a result;

2) the accounting object is reflected (not reflected) by the chief accountant or other official entrusted with accounting, or by a person with whom an agreement on the provision of accounting services has been concluded, in the accounting (financial) statements on the basis of a written order of the head of an economic entity , which is solely responsible for the accuracy of the presentation of the financial position of an economic entity at the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period.

Article 8. Accounting policy

1. The set of methods for conducting accounting by an economic entity constitutes its accounting policy.

2. An economic entity independently forms its accounting policy, guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and industry standards.

3. When forming an accounting policy in relation to a specific accounting object, the method of accounting is selected from the methods allowed by federal standards.

4. In the event that federal standards do not establish an accounting method for a specific accounting object, such a method is independently developed based on the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards.

5. Accounting policies should be applied consistently from year to year.

6. A change in accounting policy can be made under the following conditions:

1) changes in the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards;

2) development or selection of a new method of accounting, the use of which leads to an increase in the quality of information about the accounting object;

3) a significant change in the conditions of activity of an economic entity.

7. In order to ensure the comparability of accounting (financial) statements for a number of years, changes in accounting policies are made from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise stipulated by the reason for such a change.

Article 9. Primary accounting documents

1. Each fact of economic life is subject to registration by a primary accounting document. It is not allowed to accept for accounting documents that formalize the facts of economic life that did not take place, including those underlying the imaginary and sham transactions.

2. Mandatory details of the primary accounting document are:

1) Title of the document;

2) date of preparation of the document;

3) the name of the economic entity that compiled the document;

4) the content of the fact of economic life;

5) the value of the natural and (or) monetary measurement of the fact of economic life, indicating the units of measurement;

6) the name of the position of the person (persons) who performed (committed) the transaction, the operation and the person responsible (responsible) for its registration, or the name of the position of the person (persons) responsible (responsible) for the registration of the event;
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

7) signatures of the persons provided for in paragraph 6 of this part, indicating their names and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

3. The primary accounting document must be drawn up when the fact of economic life is committed, and if this is not possible - immediately after its completion. The person responsible for the registration of the fact of economic life ensures the timely transfer of primary accounting documents for the registration of the data contained therein in the accounting registers, as well as the reliability of these data. The person entrusted with accounting, and the person with whom the contract for the provision of accounting services has been concluded, are not responsible for the compliance of the primary accounting documents drawn up by other persons with the fait accompli of economic life.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

4. The forms of primary accounting documents are determined by the head of an economic entity upon the presentation of an official who is entrusted with accounting. Forms of primary accounting documents for public sector organizations are established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

5. The primary accounting document is drawn up on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

6. In the event that the legislation of the Russian Federation or an agreement provides for the submission of a primary accounting document to another person or to a state body on paper, an economic entity is obliged, at the request of another person or a state body, at its own expense, to produce on paper copies of the primary accounting document drawn up in the form of an electronic document.

7. Corrections are allowed in the primary accounting document, unless otherwise established by federal laws or regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulatory bodies. The correction in the primary accounting document must contain the date of the correction, as well as the signatures of the persons who drew up the document in which the correction was made, indicating their names and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

8. If, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, primary accounting documents, including in the form of an electronic document, are seized, copies of the seized documents made in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation are included in the accounting documents.

Article 10. Accounting registers

1. The data contained in the primary accounting documents are subject to timely registration and accumulation in accounting registers.

2. Gaps or exemptions are not allowed when registering accounting objects in accounting registers, registration of imaginary and feigned accounting objects in accounting registers. For the purposes of this Federal Law, a fictitious object of accounting is understood as a non-existent object reflected in accounting only for the form (including unfulfilled expenses, non-existent obligations, facts of economic life that did not exist), a fictitious object of accounting means an object reflected in the accounting accounting instead of another object in order to cover it up (including sham transactions). Reserves, funds stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and the costs of their creation are not imaginary objects of accounting.
(Part 2 as revised by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of 21.12.2013)

3. Accounting is carried out through double entry in the accounting accounts, unless otherwise established by federal standards. It is not allowed to keep accounting accounts outside the accounting registers used by the economic entity.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

4. Mandatory details of the accounting register are:

1) register name;

2) the name of the economic entity that compiled the register;

3) the date of the beginning and the end of keeping the register and (or) the period for which the register was drawn up;

4) chronological and (or) systematic grouping of accounting objects;

5) the value of monetary measurement of accounting objects with indication of the unit of measurement;

6) the names of the positions of the persons responsible for maintaining the register;

7) signatures of persons responsible for maintaining the register, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

5. Forms of accounting registers are approved by the head of the economic entity upon the proposal of the official who is entrusted with accounting. Forms of accounting registers for public sector organizations are established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

6. The accounting register is drawn up on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

7. In the event that the legislation of the Russian Federation or an agreement provides for the submission of the accounting register to another person or to a state body on paper, an economic entity is obliged, at the request of another person or a state body, to produce at its own expense on paper copies of the accounting register compiled in the form of an electronic document.

8. Corrections in the accounting register that are not authorized by the persons responsible for maintaining the specified register are not allowed. A correction in the accounting register must contain the date of the correction, as well as the signatures of the persons responsible for maintaining this register, indicating their names and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

9. In the event that, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, accounting registers are withdrawn, including in the form of an electronic document, copies of the withdrawn registers made in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation are included in the composition of accounting documents.

Article 11. Inventory of assets and liabilities

1. Assets and liabilities are subject to inventory.

2. During the inventory, the actual presence of the corresponding objects is revealed, which is compared with the data of the accounting registers.

3. Cases, terms and procedure for conducting an inventory, as well as a list of objects subject to inventory, are determined by the economic entity, with the exception of the mandatory inventory. Mandatory inventory is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, federal and industry standards.

4. Discrepancies between the actual availability of objects and the data of the accounting registers revealed during the inventory are subject to registration in the accounting in the reporting period to which the date as of which the inventory was carried out belongs.

Article 12. Monetary measurement of accounting objects

1. Accounting items are subject to monetary measurement.

2. Monetary measurement of accounting objects is made in the currency of the Russian Federation.

3. Unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the value of accounting items expressed in foreign currency is subject to conversion into the currency of the Russian Federation.

Article 13. General requirements for accounting (financial) statements

1. Accounting (financial) statements should give a reliable view of the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period, which is necessary for users of these statements to make economic decisions. Accounting (financial) statements should be prepared on the basis of data contained in accounting registers, as well as information determined by federal and industry standards.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

2. An economic entity prepares annual accounting (financial) statements, unless otherwise established by other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulatory bodies.

3. Annual accounting (financial) statements are prepared for the reporting year.

4. Interim accounting (financial) statements are drawn up by an economic entity in cases when the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulatory bodies, contracts, constituent documents of an economic entity, decisions of the owner of an economic entity establish the obligation to submit it.
(Part 4 as amended by Federal Law of 23.07.2013 N 251-FZ)

5. Interim accounting (financial) statements are drawn up for a reporting period less than a reporting year.

6. Accounting (financial) statements should include performance indicators of all divisions of an economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

7. Accounting (financial) statements are prepared in the currency of the Russian Federation.

8. Accounting (financial) statements are considered to be drawn up after signing a copy of it on paper by the head of the economic entity.

10. In the case of publication of accounting (financial) statements that are subject to mandatory audit, such accounting (financial) statements must be published together with the auditor's report.
(Part 10 as revised by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of 21.12.2013)

11. With regard to accounting (financial) statements, a commercial secret regime cannot be established.

12. Legal regulation of the consolidated financial statements is carried out in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise established by other federal laws.

Article 14. Composition of accounting (financial) statements

1. Annual accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, consist of a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and annexes thereto.

2. The annual accounting (financial) statements of a non-profit organization, except for the cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, consist of a balance sheet, a report on the intended use of funds and annexes thereto.

3. The composition of interim accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, is established by federal standards.

4. The composition of the accounting (financial) statements of public sector organizations is established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

5. The composition of the accounting (financial) statements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is established by the Federal Law of July 10, 2002 N 86-FZ "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)".

Article 15. Reporting period, reporting date

1. The reporting period for the annual accounting (financial) statements (reporting year) is the calendar year - from January 1 to December 31 inclusive, with the exception of cases of creation, reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

2. The first reporting year is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to December 31 of the same calendar year inclusive, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law and (or) federal standards.

3. If the state registration of an economic entity, with the exception of a credit institution, is made after September 30, the first reporting year is, unless otherwise established by the economic entity, the period from the date of state registration to December 31 of the calendar year following the year of its state registration, inclusive ...

4. The reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from January 1 to the reporting date of the period for which the interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

5. The first reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to the reporting date of the period for which the interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

6. The date on which the accounting (financial) statements are drawn up (reporting date) is the last calendar day of the reporting period, with the exception of cases of reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

Article 16. Peculiarities of accounting (financial) statements upon reorganization of a legal entity

1. The last reporting year for a reorganized legal entity, with the exception of cases of reorganization in the form of affiliation, is the period from January 1 of the year in which the state registration of the last of the legal entities that emerged was carried out until the date of such state registration.

2. When reorganizing a legal entity in the form of affiliation, the last reporting year for a legal entity that joins another legal entity is the period from January 1 of the year in which an entry was made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on the termination of the affiliated legal entity until the date of its entry.

3 ... The reorganized legal entity prepares the last accounting (financial) statements as of the date preceding the date of state registration of the last of the legal entities that emerged (the date of the entry into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of the entry on the termination of the affiliated legal entity).

4. The latest accounting (financial) statements should include data on the facts of economic life that took place from the date of approval of the transfer act (separation balance sheet) to the date of state registration of the last of the legal entities that emerged (the date of entry into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of an entry on the termination of the legal entity).

5. The first reporting year for a legal entity resulting from the reorganization, with the exception of public sector organizations, is the period from the date of its state registration to December 31 of the year in which the reorganization took place, inclusive, unless otherwise established by federal standards.

6. A legal entity that emerged as a result of the reorganization, with the exception of public sector organizations, must draw up the first accounting (financial) statements as of the date of its state registration, unless otherwise established by federal standards.

7. The first accounting (financial) statements are drawn up on the basis of the approved transfer act (separation balance sheet) and data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the transfer act (separation balance sheet) to the date of state registration of legal entities arising as a result of reorganization, with the exception of organizations the public sector (the date of the entry into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of the entry on the termination of the activities of the affiliated legal entity).

8. The procedure for drawing up the accounting (financial) statements of a public sector organization that arose as a result of reorganization is established by the authorized federal body.

Article 17. Features of accounting (financial) statements upon liquidation of a legal entity

1. The reporting year for a liquidated legal entity is the period from January 1 of the year in which an entry on liquidation was made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, until the date of making such an entry.

2. The latest accounting (financial) statements of the legal entity in liquidation are drawn up by the liquidation commission (liquidator) or the arbitration manager, if the legal entity is liquidated due to its recognition as bankrupt.

3. The latest accounting (financial) statements are drawn up as of the date preceding the date of the entry on the liquidation of a legal entity into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

4. The latest accounting (financial) statements are drawn up on the basis of the approved liquidation balance sheet and data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the liquidation balance sheet to the date of the entry on the liquidation of the legal entity into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Article 18. Mandatory copy of accounting (financial) statements

1. Economic entities obliged to draw up accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of public sector organizations and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, submit one obligatory copy of the annual accounting (financial) statements to the state statistics body at the place of state registration.

2. A mandatory copy of the prepared annual accounting (financial) statements is submitted no later than three months after the end of the reporting period. When submitting a mandatory copy of the compiled annual accounting (financial) statements, which are subject to mandatory audit, the auditor's report on it is submitted together with such statements or no later than 10 working days from the day following the date of the auditor's report, but no later than December 31 of the year following the reporting year.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

3. Mandatory copies of accounting (financial) statements, together with audit reports, constitute a state information resource. Interested parties are provided with access to the specified state information resource, except for cases when, in the interests of preserving state secrets, such access should be limited.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

4. The procedure for submitting a legal copy of the accounting (financial) statements together with the auditor's report, as well as the rules for the use (including payment for use, unless otherwise provided by other federal laws) of the state information resource provided for in part 3 of this article, are approved by the federal executive body performing the functions on the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of state statistical activity.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

Article 19. Internal control

1. An economic entity is obliged to organize and carry out internal control of the committed facts of economic life.

2. An economic entity whose accounting (financial) statements are subject to mandatory audit is obliged to organize and carry out internal control of accounting and preparation of accounting (financial) statements (except for cases when its head has assumed the responsibility for accounting).

Chapter 3. REGULATION OF ACCOUNTING

Article 20. Principles of accounting regulation

Accounting regulation is carried out in accordance with the following principles:

1) compliance of federal and industry standards with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and practice of accounting;

2) unity of the system of requirements for accounting;

3) establishment of simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, for economic entities entitled to use such methods in accordance with this Federal Law;
(Clause 3 as amended by Federal Law dated 02.11.2013 N 292-FZ)

4) application of international standards as the basis for the development of federal and industry standards;

5) ensuring conditions for uniform application of federal and industry standards;

6) inadmissibility of combining powers to approve federal standards and state control (supervision) in the field of accounting.

Article 21. Documents in the field of accounting regulation

1. The documents in the field of accounting regulation include:

1) federal standards;

2) industry standards;

4) standards of an economic entity.

2. Federal and industry standards are mandatory unless otherwise specified by those standards.

3. Federal standards, regardless of the type of economic activity, establish:

1) definitions and signs of accounting objects, the procedure for their classification, the conditions for their acceptance for accounting and their write-off in accounting;

2) acceptable methods of monetary measurement of accounting objects;

3) the procedure for converting the value of accounting items, expressed in foreign currency, into the currency of the Russian Federation for accounting purposes;

4) requirements for accounting policy, including the definition of the conditions for its change, inventory of assets and liabilities, accounting documents and workflow in accounting, including the types of electronic signatures used to sign accounting documents;

5) chart of accounts of accounting and the procedure for its application, with the exception of the chart of accounts of accounting for credit institutions and the procedure for its application;

6) composition, content and procedure for the formation of information disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, including samples of forms of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the composition of appendices to the balance sheet and the statement of financial results and the composition of appendices to the balance sheet and the report on target use funds;

7) the conditions under which the accounting (financial) statements give a reliable idea of ​​the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period;

8) the composition of the last and first accounting (financial) statements during the reorganization of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and monetary measurement of objects in it;

9) the composition of the latest accounting (financial) statements upon liquidation of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and monetary measurement of objects in it;

10) simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, for economic entities entitled to use such methods in accordance with this Federal Law.
(as amended by Federal Law of 02.11.2013 N 292-FZ)

4. Federal standards may establish special requirements for accounting (including accounting policies, chart of accounts of accounting and the procedure for its application) of public sector organizations, as well as requirements for accounting for certain types of economic activity.

5. Industry standards establish the specifics of the application of federal standards in certain types of economic activity.

6. The chart of accounts of accounting for credit institutions and the procedure for its application are approved by the regulatory legal act of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

7. Recommendations in the field of accounting are accepted in order to correctly apply federal and industry standards, reduce the cost of organizing accounting, as well as disseminate best practices in organizing and maintaining accounting, the results of research and development in the field of accounting.

9. Recommendations in the field of accounting can be adopted in relation to the procedure for applying federal and industry standards, forms of accounting documents, with the exception of those established by federal and industry standards, organizational forms of accounting, organization of accounting services of economic entities, accounting technology, organization and implementation internal control of their activities and accounting, as well as the procedure for the development of standards by these persons.

11. The standards of an economic entity are designed to streamline the organization and its accounting.

12. The necessity and procedure for the development, approval, change and cancellation of the standards of an economic entity are established by this entity independently.

13. The standards of an economic entity are applied equally and equally by all divisions of an economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

14. An economic entity that has subsidiaries has the right to develop and approve its own standards, which are binding on such companies. The standards of the said entity, which are binding on the parent company and its subsidiaries, should not create obstacles for such companies to carry out their activities.

15. Federal and industry standards must not conflict with this Federal Law. Industry standards must be consistent with federal standards. Accounting recommendations, as well as standards of an economic entity, should not contradict federal and industry standards.

16. Federal and industry standards, as well as the program for the development of federal standards, are approved by regulatory legal acts in the prescribed manner, taking into account the provisions of this Federal Law.

17. Documents for the organization and maintenance of accounting by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, including the chart of accounts of accounting and the procedure for its application, are approved in accordance with the procedure established by the Federal Law of July 10, 2002 N 86-FZ "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) ".

Article 22. Subjects of accounting regulation

1. The bodies of state regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation are the authorized federal body and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

2. Accounting regulation in the Russian Federation can also be carried out by self-regulatory organizations, including self-regulatory organizations of entrepreneurs, other users of accounting (financial) statements, auditors interested in taking part in accounting regulation, as well as their associations and unions and other non-profit organizations pursuing goals development of accounting (hereinafter - subjects of non-state regulation of accounting).

Article 23. Functions of bodies of state regulation of accounting

1. Authorized federal body:

1) develops, approves industry standards and summarizes the practice of their application;
(as amended by Federal Law of 23.07.2013 N 251-FZ)

2) approves federal standards and, within its competence, industry standards and summarizes the practice of their application;

3) organizes the examination of draft accounting standards;

4) approves the requirements for the design of draft accounting standards;

5) participates in the prescribed manner in the development of international standards;

6) represents the Russian Federation in international organizations operating in the field of accounting and accounting (financial) reporting;

7)

2. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, within its competence:

1) approves industry standards and summarizes the practice of their application;

2) participates in the preparation and coordinates the program for the development of federal standards;

3) participates in the examination of draft federal standards;

4) participates jointly with the authorized federal body in the prescribed manner in the development of international standards;

5) performs other functions provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws.

Article 24. Functions of the subject of non-state regulation of accounting

Subject of non-state accounting regulation:

1) develops drafts of federal standards, conducts public discussion of these drafts and submits them to the authorized federal body;

2) participates in the preparation of a program for the development of federal standards;

3) participates in the examination of draft accounting standards;

4) ensures the compliance of the draft federal standard with the international standard, on the basis of which the draft federal standard was developed;

6) develops proposals for improving accounting standards;

7) participates in the development of international standards.

Article 25. Accounting Standards Board

1. To conduct an examination of draft federal and industry standards, a council for accounting standards is created under an authorized federal body.
(as amended by Federal Law of 23.07.2013 N 251-FZ)

2. The Accounting Standards Board reviews draft federal and industry standards for:
(as amended by Federal Law of 23.07.2013 N 251-FZ)

1) compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting;

2) compliance with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and practice of accounting;

3) ensuring the unity of the system of requirements for accounting;

4) ensuring conditions for uniform application of federal and industry standards.

(as amended by Federal Law of 23.07.2013 N 251-FZ)

5. The Accounting Standards Board consists of:

1) 10 representatives of subjects of non-state regulation of accounting and the scientific community, of which at least three members are subject to rotation once every three years;

2) five representatives of government accounting regulators.

6. The composition of the Accounting Standards Board is approved by the head of the authorized federal body. Proposals for candidates for members of the Accounting Standards Council, with the exception of representatives of the authorized federal body, are submitted to the authorized federal body by subjects of non-state accounting regulation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, scientific organizations and higher educational institutions.

7. Candidates for the Accounting Standards Board must have a college degree, an impeccable business (professional) reputation, and professional experience in finance, accounting or auditing.

(as amended by Federal Law of 02.07.2013 N 185-FZ)

8. The Chairman of the Accounting Standards Board is elected at the first meeting of the Board from representatives of the subjects of non-state accounting regulation that are its members. The Chairman of the Accounting Standards Board has at least two deputies.

9. The Secretary of the Accounting Standards Board is a representative of the authorized federal body from among the members of the Board.

10. Meetings of the Accounting Standards Board are convened by its chairman, and in the absence of the chairman by an authorized deputy chairman as necessary, but at least once every three months. A meeting is considered competent if attended by at least two-thirds of the members of the Accounting Standards Board.

11. Decisions of the Accounting Standards Board are made by a simple majority of votes of the board members attending its meeting.

12. Meetings of the Accounting Standards Board are public.

13. Information on the activities of the Accounting Standards Board should be open and publicly available.

14. The statute on the Accounting Standards Council is approved by the authorized federal body. The rules of procedure of the Accounting Standards Board are approved by this Board independently at the first meeting.

Article 26. Program for the development of federal standards

1. Federal standards are developed and approved in accordance with the federal standards development program.

2. Bodies of state regulation of accounting and subjects of non-state regulation of accounting make proposals on the program for the development of federal standards to the authorized federal body.

3. The authorized federal body approves the program for the development of federal standards in agreement with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

4. The program for the development of federal standards should be updated annually in order to ensure that federal standards comply with the needs of users of accounting (financial) reporting to international standards, the level of development of science and practice of accounting.

5. The authorized federal body ensures the availability of the program for the development of federal standards to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, subjects of non-state regulation and other interested parties (hereinafter referred to as interested parties) for review.

6. The rules for the preparation and refinement of the program for the development of federal standards are approved by the authorized federal body.

Article 27. Development and approval of federal standards

1. The developer of the federal standard (hereinafter referred to as the developer) can be any subject of non-state regulation of accounting.

2. A notice of the development of a federal standard is sent by the developer to the authorized federal body and posted on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet").
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

3. Not later than 10 working days after the day of posting on the official website of the developer on the Internet, a notice of the development of a federal standard, the developer shall place it on his official website on the Internet. The draft federal standard posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet must be available for review without charging a fee. The developer is obliged, at the request of the interested person, to provide him with a copy of the draft federal standard on paper. The fee charged by the developer for the provision of the specified copy on paper may not exceed the cost of its production and shipping. No fee is charged for the provision of the said copy to the bodies of state regulation of accounting and subjects of non-state regulation of accounting.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

4. From the day the draft federal standard is posted on the developer's official website on the Internet, the developer conducts a public discussion of the draft federal standard. The period for public discussion of a draft federal standard cannot be less than three months from the date of posting the said draft on the developer's official website on the Internet. The notice of the completion of the public discussion of the draft federal standard is sent by the developer to the authorized federal body and posted on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer on the Internet.
(Part 4 as revised by Federal Law No. 357-FZ of 21.12.2013)

5. During the public discussion of the draft federal standard, the developer:

1) accepts written comments from interested parties. The developer cannot refuse to accept written comments;

2) discusses the draft federal standard and comments received in writing;

3) draws up a list of comments received in writing with a summary of the content of such comments and the results of their discussion;

4) finalizes the draft federal standard taking into account the comments received in writing.

6. The developer is obliged to keep the comments received in writing until the approval of the federal standard and submit them to the authorized federal body at his request.

7. The revised draft federal standard and the list of comments received in writing from interested parties are posted by the developer on its official website on the Internet no later than 10 business days from the date of posting on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer on the Internet on the completion of the public discussion draft federal standard. These documents, posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet, must be available for review free of charge.
(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

9. The revised draft federal standard, together with a list of interested parties' comments received in writing, is submitted by the developer to the authorized federal body, which organizes the examination of this draft.

10. The Accounting Standards Board prepares, within a period of not more than two months from the date of submission by the developer of the draft federal standard, a reasoned proposal to accept such a draft for approval or to reject it on the basis of the documents specified in part 9 of this article and taking into account the results of the examination. Such a proposal, together with the documents specified in part 9 of this article and the results of the examination, shall be sent to the authorized federal body.

11. The authorized federal body, on the basis of documents submitted by the Accounting Standards Council, within a period of not more than one month, accepts the draft federal standard for approval or rejects it. The draft federal standard, accepted for approval, is prepared and approved by the authorized federal body in the prescribed manner.

12. The draft federal standard proposed by the Accounting Standards Board for adoption may be rejected if it does not comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

13. In the event that the draft federal standard is rejected, a reasoned decision of the authorized federal body with the attachment of the documents specified in part 9 of this article shall be sent to the developer of the draft federal standard within 10 working days after the date of adoption of such a decision.

14. Amendments to the federal standard or its cancellation are carried out in the manner prescribed by this article. Changes to the federal standard due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation can be carried out at the initiative of the authorized federal body.

15. The examination of the draft industry standard is carried out by the Accounting Standards Council in the manner established for the examination of federal standards by parts 9-13 of this article.

(Part 15 is introduced by Federal Law of 04.11.2014 N 344-FZ)

Article 28. Development of federal standards by the authorized federal body

1. The authorized federal body develops federal standards:

1) for public sector organizations;

2) in the event that not a single subject of non-state accounting regulation undertakes the obligation to develop a federal standard provided for by the approved program for the development of federal standards.

2. The development of a federal standard by an authorized federal body is carried out in the manner prescribed by Article 27 of this Federal Law.

Chapter 4. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 29. Storage of accounting documents

1. 1. Primary accounting documents, accounting registers, accounting (financial) statements, audit reports on it are subject to storage by an economic entity for periods established in accordance with the rules for organizing state archives, but not less than five years after the reporting year.

(as amended by Federal Law of 23.07.2013 N 251-FZ)

2. Accounting policy documents, standards of an economic entity, other documents related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, including the means to ensure the reproduction of electronic documents, as well as verification of the authenticity of an electronic signature, are subject to storage by an economic entity for at least five years after the year in which they were used for the preparation of accounting (financial) statements for the last time.

3. The economic entity must ensure safe storage conditions for accounting documents and their protection from changes.

4. When changing the head of the organization, the transfer of accounting documents of the organization must be ensured. The procedure for transferring accounting documents is determined by the organization independently.

(Part 4 is introduced by Federal Law No. 134-FZ, dated 28 June 2013)

Article 30. Features of the application of this Federal Law

1. Until the federal and sectoral standards stipulated by this Federal Law are approved by the state accounting regulatory bodies, the rules of accounting and preparation of financial statements approved by the authorized federal executive bodies and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation prior to the date of entry into force of this Federal Law shall apply. Prior to the approval of federal and sectoral standards provided for by this Federal Law, the authorized federal executive body and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation shall have the right to make changes due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation in the rules of accounting and preparation of financial statements, approved by them before the date of entry into force of this Federal law.

(as amended by Federal Law of 04.11.2014 N 344-FZ)

2. The provisions of Parts 4 and 6 of Article 7 of this Federal Law shall not apply to persons who, as of the date of entry into force of this Federal Law, are entrusted with maintaining accounting records.

3. The provision of part 2 of Article 15 of this Federal Law does not apply when changing the type of state (municipal) institution.

Article 31. On recognizing as invalid certain legislative acts (provisions of legislative acts) of the Russian Federation

Declare invalid:

1) Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N 129-FZ "On Accounting" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, N 48, Art. 5369);

2) Federal Law of July 23, 1998 N 123-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law" On Accounting "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1998, N 30, Art. 3619);

3) Federal Law of March 28, 2002 N 32-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law" On Accounting "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, N 13, Art. 1179);

4) Article 9 of the Federal Law of December 31, 2002 N 187-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and Certain Other Acts of the Legislation of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 1, Art. 2);

5) Article 3 of the Federal Law of December 31, 2002 N 191-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to Chapters 22, 24, 25, 26.2, 26.3 and 27 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and some other acts of legislation of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 1, Art. 6);

6) Clause 7 of Article 2 of Federal Law No. 8-FZ of January 10, 2003 "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation" On Employment of the Population in the Russian Federation "and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Financing Measures to Promote Employment of the Population" (Collection the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 2, article 160);

7) Article 23 of the Federal Law of June 30, 2003 N 86-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation, Recognition of Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation as Invalid, Providing Certain Guarantees to Employees of Internal Affairs Bodies, Bodies for Control of the Circulation of Narcotic Drugs and psychotropic substances and the abolished federal bodies of the tax police in connection with the implementation of measures to improve public administration "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 27, Art. 2700);

8) article 2 of the Federal Law of November 3, 2006 N 183-FZ "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On Agricultural Cooperation "and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, N 45, Art. 4635);

9) Article 32 of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2009, N 48, Art. 5711);

10) Article 12 of the Federal Law of May 8, 2010 N 83-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of the Legal Status of State (Municipal) Institutions" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N 19, Art. 2291) ;

11) Federal Law of July 27, 2010 N 209-FZ "On Amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law" On Accounting "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N 31, Art. 4178);

12) Article 4 of the Federal Law of September 28, 2010 N 243-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law" On the Skolkovo Innovation Center "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N 40, Art. 4969 ).

Article 32. Entry into force of this Federal Law

President of the Russian Federation D. MEDVEDEV

Article 1. Objectives and Subject of this Federal Law

1. The objectives of this Federal Law are to establish uniform requirements for accounting, including accounting (financial) statements, as well as to create a legal mechanism for regulating accounting.

2. Accounting - the formation of documented systematized information about the objects provided for by this Federal Law, in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law, and the preparation of accounting (financial) statements on its basis.

Article 2. Scope of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law applies to the following persons (hereinafter - economic entities):

1) commercial and non-commercial organizations;

2) state bodies, local self-government bodies, governing bodies of state off-budget funds and territorial state off-budget funds;

3) the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

4) individual entrepreneurs, as well as lawyers who have established law offices, notaries and other persons engaged in private practice (hereinafter referred to as persons engaged in private practice);

5) branches, representative offices and other structural subdivisions of organizations established in accordance with the legislation of foreign states located on the territory of the Russian Federation, international organizations, their branches and representative offices located on the territory of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise provided by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

2. This Federal Law is applied when maintaining budgetary accounting of assets and liabilities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, operations that change these assets and liabilities, as well as when drawing up budget reporting.

3. This Federal Law is applied when the trustee maintains accounting of the property and related accounting objects transferred to him in trust management, as well as when maintaining, including by one of the legal entities participating in the simple partnership agreement, accounting of the common property of partners and related accounting objects.

4. This Federal Law shall be applied when maintaining accounting records in the process of executing a production sharing agreement, unless otherwise provided by Federal Law No. 225-FZ of December 30, 1995 "On Production Sharing Agreements".

5. This Federal Law shall not apply to the creation of information necessary for the preparation of statements by an economic entity for internal purposes, statements submitted by a credit institution in accordance with its requirements, as well as statements for other purposes, if the legislation of the Russian Federation and the rules adopted in accordance with it the preparation of such reports does not provide for the application of this Federal Law.

Article 3. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are used:

1) accounting (financial) statements - information on the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period, systematized in accordance with the requirements established by this Federal Law;

2) an authorized federal body - a federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to exercise the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial reporting;

3) accounting standard - a document that establishes the minimum necessary requirements for accounting, as well as acceptable methods of accounting;

4) international standard - an accounting standard, the use of which is custom in international business, regardless of the specific name of such a standard;

5) chart of accounts of accounting - a systematized list of accounting accounts;

6) reporting period - the period for which the accounting (financial) statements are drawn up;

7) the head of an economic entity - a person who is the sole executive body of an economic entity, or a person responsible for the conduct of the business of an economic entity, or a manager to whom the functions of the sole executive body have been transferred;

8) fact of economic life - a transaction, event, operation that have or are capable of influencing the financial position of an economic entity, the financial result of its activities and (or) cash flow;

9) public sector organizations - state (municipal) institutions, state bodies, local self-government bodies, governing bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, governing bodies of territorial state extra-budgetary funds.

Article 4. Legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting

The legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting consists of this Federal Law, other federal laws and regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with them.

Chapter 2. General requirements for accounting

Article 5. Objects of accounting

The objects of accounting of an economic entity are:

1) facts of economic life;

2) assets;

3) obligations;

4) sources of funding for its activities;

5) income;

6) expenses;

7) other objects if it is established by federal standards.

Article 6. Obligation to keep accounting records

1. An economic entity is obliged to maintain accounting records in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

2. Accounting in accordance with this Federal Law may not be kept:

1) an individual entrepreneur, a person engaged in private practice - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income or income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation or physical indicators that characterize a certain type of entrepreneurial activity ;

2) a branch, representative office or other structural subdivision of an organization established in accordance with the legislation of a foreign state located on the territory of the Russian Federation - if, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees, they keep records of income and expenses and (or) other objects of taxation in the manner prescribed by the specified legislation.

3. Accounting is kept continuously from the date of state registration until the date of termination of activities as a result of reorganization or liquidation.

4. Simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, may apply, unless otherwise provided by this article, the following economic entities:

1) small businesses;

2) non-profit organizations;

3) organizations that have received the status of participants in the project for the implementation of research, development and commercialization of their results in accordance with the Federal Law of September 28, 2010 N 244-FZ "On the Skolkovo Innovation Center".

5. Simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, are not used by the following economic entities:

1) organizations whose accounting (financial) statements are subject to mandatory audit in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

2) housing and housing construction cooperatives;

3) credit consumer cooperatives (including agricultural credit consumer cooperatives);

4) microfinance organizations;

5) public sector organizations;

6) political parties, their regional branches or other structural subdivisions;

7) the collegium of advocates;

8) law offices;

9) legal advice;

10) bar chambers;

11) chambers of notaries;

12) non-profit organizations included in the register of non-profit organizations performing the functions of a foreign agent provided for by paragraph 10 of Article 13.1 of the Federal Law of January 12, 1996 N 7-FZ "On Non-Commercial Organizations".

Article 7. Organization of accounting

1. Accounting and storage of accounting documents are organized by the head of the economic entity.

2. In the event that an individual entrepreneur, a person engaged in private practice, maintain accounting records in accordance with this Federal Law, they themselves organize accounting and storage of accounting documents, and also bear other obligations established by this Federal Law for the head of the economic subject.

3. The head of an economic entity is obliged to entrust accounting to the chief accountant or other official of this entity, or to conclude an agreement on the provision of accounting services, unless otherwise provided by this part. The head of a credit institution is obliged to entrust accounting to the chief accountant. The head of an economic entity who, in accordance with this Federal Law, has the right to apply simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, as well as the head of a medium-sized business entity, with the exception of economic entities specified in part 5 of Article 6 of this Federal Law, may take over accounting.

Note:
The provisions of part 4 of article 7 do not apply to persons who, as of the date of entry into force of this document, are entrusted with the maintenance of accounting (part 2 of article 30 of this document).

4. In open joint-stock companies (with the exception of credit institutions), insurance organizations and non-state pension funds, joint-stock investment funds, management companies of mutual investment funds, in other economic entities whose securities are admitted to trading in organized auctions (with the exception of credit institutions) , in the governing bodies of state extra-budgetary funds, governing bodies of state territorial extra-budgetary funds, the chief accountant or other official entrusted with the maintenance of accounting must meet the following requirements:

1) have a higher education;

2) have at least three years of work experience in accounting, preparation of accounting (financial) statements or auditing activities, and in the absence of higher education in accounting and auditing, at least five years out of the last seven calendar years;

3) not have an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for crimes in the field of economics.

5. Additional requirements for the chief accountant or other official charged with maintaining accounting records may be established by other federal laws.

Note:

The provisions of part 6 of article 7 do not apply to persons who, as of the date of entry into force of this document, are entrusted with maintaining accounting records (part 2 of article 30 of this document).

6. An individual with whom an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must comply with the requirements established by part 4 of this article. A legal entity with which an economic entity enters into an agreement on the provision of accounting services must have at least one employee who meets the requirements established by part 4 of this article, with whom an employment contract has been concluded.

7. The chief accountant of a credit institution and the chief accountant of a non-credit financial institution must meet the requirements established by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

8. In the event of a disagreement regarding accounting between the head of an economic entity and the chief accountant or other official entrusted with accounting, or a person with whom an agreement on the provision of accounting services has been concluded:

1) the data contained in the primary accounting document are accepted (not accepted) by the chief accountant or other official who is entrusted with accounting, or by a person with whom an agreement on the provision of accounting services has been concluded, for registration and accumulation in registers accounting by written order of the head of an economic entity, who is solely responsible for the information generated as a result;

2) the accounting object is reflected (not reflected) by the chief accountant or other official entrusted with accounting, or by a person with whom an agreement on the provision of accounting services has been concluded, in the accounting (financial) statements on the basis of a written order from the head an economic entity that is solely responsible for the accuracy of the presentation of the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period.

Article 8. Accounting policy

1. The set of methods for conducting accounting by an economic entity constitutes its accounting policy.

2. An economic entity independently forms its accounting policy, guided by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and industry standards.

3. When forming an accounting policy in relation to a specific object of accounting, the method of accounting is selected from the methods allowed by federal standards.

4. In the event that federal standards do not establish an accounting method for a specific accounting object, such a method is independently developed based on the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards.

5. Accounting policies should be applied consistently from year to year.

6. A change in accounting policy can be made under the following conditions:

1) changes in the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards;

2) the development or selection of a new method of accounting, the use of which leads to an increase in the quality of information about the object of accounting;

3) a significant change in the conditions of activity of an economic entity.

7. In order to ensure the comparability of accounting (financial) statements for a number of years, a change in accounting policy is made from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise stipulated by the reason for such a change.

Note:
Since January 1, 2013, the forms of primary accounting documents contained in the albums of unified forms of primary accounting documentation are not mandatory for use. At the same time, the forms of documents used as primary accounting documents established by authorized bodies in accordance with and on the basis of other federal laws (for example, cash documents) (information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia N PZ-10/2012) continue to remain mandatory for use.

Article 9. Primary accounting documents

1. Each fact of economic life is subject to registration by a primary accounting document. It is not allowed to accept for accounting documents that formalize the facts of economic life that did not take place, including those underlying the imaginary and sham transactions.

2. Mandatory details of the primary accounting document are:

1) the name of the document;

2) the date of preparation of the document;

3) the name of the economic entity that compiled the document;

5) the value of the natural and (or) monetary measurement of the fact of economic life, indicating the units of measurement;

6) the name of the position of the person (persons) who performed (performed) the transaction, the operation and the person responsible (responsible) for its execution, or the name of the position of the person (persons) responsible (responsible) for the registration of the event;

(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

7) signatures of the persons provided for in clause 6 of this part, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

3. The primary accounting document must be drawn up when the fact of economic life is committed, and if this is not possible - immediately after its completion. The person responsible for the registration of the fact of economic life ensures the timely transfer of primary accounting documents for the registration of the data contained therein in the accounting registers, as well as the reliability of these data. The person entrusted with accounting, and the person with whom the contract for the provision of accounting services has been concluded, are not responsible for the compliance of the primary accounting documents drawn up by other persons with the fait accompli of economic life.

4. Forms of primary accounting documents are determined by the head of the economic entity upon the proposal of the official who is entrusted with accounting. Forms of primary accounting documents for public sector organizations are established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

5. The primary accounting document is drawn up on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

6. In the event that the legislation of the Russian Federation or an agreement provides for the submission of a primary accounting document to another person or to a state body on paper, an economic entity is obliged, at the request of another person or a state body, at its own expense, to produce on paper copies of the primary accounting document drawn up in the form of an electronic document.

7. Corrections are allowed in the primary accounting document, unless otherwise established by federal laws or regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulatory bodies. The correction in the primary accounting document must contain the date of the correction, as well as the signatures of the persons who drew up the document in which the correction was made, indicating their names and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

8. If, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, primary accounting documents, including in the form of an electronic document, are seized, copies of the seized documents made in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation are included in the accounting documents.

Note:
From January 1, 2013, the forms of accounting registers approved by the federal executive authorities prior to the entry into force of this Federal Law are not mandatory for use (information of the Ministry of Finance of Russia N PZ-10/2012).

Article 10. Accounting registers

1. Data contained in primary accounting documents are subject to timely registration and accumulation in accounting registers.

2. Gaps or exemptions when registering accounting objects in accounting registers, registration of imaginary and feigned accounting objects in accounting registers are not allowed. For the purposes of this Federal Law, a fictitious object of accounting is understood as a non-existent object reflected in accounting only for the form (including unfulfilled expenses, non-existent obligations, facts of economic life that did not exist), a fictitious object of accounting means an object reflected in the accounting accounting instead of another object in order to cover it up (including sham transactions). Reserves, funds stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and the costs of their creation are not imaginary objects of accounting.

3. Accounting is maintained through double entry in the accounting accounts, unless otherwise established by federal standards. It is not allowed to keep accounting accounts outside the accounting registers used by the economic entity.

4. Mandatory details of the accounting register are:

1) the name of the register;

2) the name of the economic entity that compiled the register;

3) the date of the beginning and the end of keeping the register and (or) the period for which the register was drawn up;

4) chronological and (or) systematic grouping of accounting objects;

5) the value of monetary measurement of accounting objects, indicating the unit of measurement;

6) the names of the positions of the persons responsible for maintaining the register;

7) signatures of the persons responsible for maintaining the register, indicating their surnames and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

5. Forms of accounting registers are approved by the head of the economic entity on the proposal of the official who is entrusted with the accounting. Forms of accounting registers for public sector organizations are established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

Note:
In accordance with the Federal Law of 06.04.2011 N 63-FZ (as revised on 02.07.2013), in cases where federal laws and other regulatory legal acts that entered into force before July 1, 2013 provide for the use of an electronic digital signature, an enhanced qualified electronic signature.

6. The accounting register is drawn up on paper and (or) in the form of an electronic document signed with an electronic signature.

7. In the event that the legislation of the Russian Federation or an agreement provides for the submission of the accounting register to another person or to a state body on paper, an economic entity is obliged, at the request of another person or a state body, to produce at its own expense on paper copies of the accounting register drawn up in the form of an electronic document.

8. Corrections in the accounting register that are not authorized by the persons responsible for maintaining the specified register are not allowed. A correction in the accounting register must contain the date of the correction, as well as the signatures of the persons responsible for maintaining this register, indicating their names and initials or other details necessary to identify these persons.

9. If, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, accounting registers are withdrawn, including in the form of an electronic document, copies of the withdrawn registers made in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation are included in the accounting documents.

Article 11. Inventory of assets and liabilities

1. Assets and liabilities are subject to inventory.

2. During the inventory, the actual presence of the corresponding objects is revealed, which is compared with the data of the accounting registers.

3. Cases, terms and procedure for carrying out an inventory, as well as a list of objects subject to inventory, are determined by the economic entity, with the exception of the mandatory inventory. Mandatory inventory is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, federal and industry standards.

4. Discrepancies between the actual availability of objects and the data of accounting registers revealed during the inventory are subject to registration in accounting in the reporting period to which the date as of which the inventory was carried out belongs.

Article 12. Monetary measurement of accounting objects

1. Objects of accounting are subject to monetary measurement.

2. Monetary measurement of accounting objects is made in the currency of the Russian Federation.

3. Unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the value of accounting items expressed in foreign currency shall be converted into the currency of the Russian Federation.

Article 13. General requirements for accounting (financial) statements

1. Accounting (financial) statements should give a reliable idea of ​​the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period, which is necessary for users of these statements to make economic decisions. Accounting (financial) statements should be prepared on the basis of data contained in accounting registers, as well as information determined by federal and industry standards.

(as amended by Federal law from 21.12.2013 N 357-FZ)

2. An economic entity prepares annual accounting (financial) statements, unless otherwise established by other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulation bodies.

3. Annual accounting (financial) statements are drawn up for the reporting year.

4. Interim accounting (financial) statements are drawn up by an economic entity in cases when the legislation of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of state accounting regulatory bodies, contracts, constituent documents of an economic entity, decisions of the owner of an economic entity establish the obligation to submit it.

5. Interim accounting (financial) statements are drawn up for the reporting period less than the reporting year.

6. Accounting (financial) statements should include indicators of the activities of all divisions of an economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

7. Accounting (financial) statements are drawn up in the currency of the Russian Federation.

8. Accounting (financial) statements shall be deemed drawn up after the signature of a copy of it on paper by the head of the economic entity.

11. With regard to accounting (financial) statements, a commercial secret regime cannot be established.

12. Legal regulation of the consolidated financial statements is carried out in accordance with this Federal Law, unless otherwise provided by other federal laws.

Article 14. Composition of accounting (financial) statements

1. Annual accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, consists of a balance sheet, a statement of financial results and annexes thereto.

2. The annual accounting (financial) statements of a non-commercial organization, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, consist of a balance sheet, a report on the intended use of funds and annexes thereto.

3. The composition of interim accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of cases established by this Federal Law, is established by federal standards.

4. The composition of the accounting (financial) statements of public sector organizations is established in accordance with the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

5. The composition of the accounting (financial) statements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is established by the Federal Law of July 10, 2002 N 86-FZ "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)".

Article 15. Reporting period, reporting date

1. The reporting period for the annual accounting (financial) statements (reporting year) is the calendar year - from January 1 to December 31 inclusive, with the exception of cases of creation, reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

Note:
The provision of part 2 of article 15 does not apply when changing the type of state (municipal) institution (part 3 of article 30 of this document).

2. The first reporting year is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to December 31 of the same calendar year inclusive, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law and (or) federal standards.

3. If the state registration of an economic entity, with the exception of a credit institution, is made after September 30, the first reporting year is, unless otherwise established by the economic entity, the period from the date of state registration to December 31 of the calendar year following the year of its state registration , inclusive.

4. The reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from January 1 to the reporting date of the period for which the interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

5. The first reporting period for interim accounting (financial) statements is the period from the date of state registration of an economic entity to the reporting date of the period for which the interim accounting (financial) statements are prepared, inclusive.

6. The date on which the accounting (financial) statements are drawn up (reporting date) is the last calendar day of the reporting period, except for cases of reorganization and liquidation of a legal entity.

Article 16. Peculiarities of accounting (financial) statements upon reorganization of a legal entity

1. The last reporting year for a reorganized legal entity, with the exception of cases of reorganization in the form of affiliation, is the period from January 1 of the year in which the state registration of the last of the legal entities that emerged was carried out until the date of such state registration.

2. In case of reorganization of a legal entity in the form of affiliation, the last reporting year for a legal entity that joins another legal entity is the period from January 1 of the year in which an entry was made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities on the termination of the activity of the affiliated legal entity, until the date of its making.

3. The reorganized legal entity prepares the last accounting (financial) statements as of the date preceding the date of state registration of the last of the legal entities that emerged (the date of the entry into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of an entry on the termination of the affiliated legal entity).

4. The latest accounting (financial) statements must include data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the transfer act (separation balance sheet) to the date of state registration of the last of the legal entities that emerged (the date of entry into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of the record of termination activities of the affiliated legal entity).

5. The first reporting year for a legal entity resulting from the reorganization, with the exception of public sector organizations, is the period from the date of its state registration to December 31 of the year in which the reorganization took place, inclusive, unless otherwise established by federal standards.

6. A legal entity that emerged as a result of reorganization, with the exception of public sector organizations, must draw up the first accounting (financial) statements as of the date of its state registration, unless otherwise provided by federal standards.

7. The first accounting (financial) statements are drawn up on the basis of the approved transfer act (separation balance sheet) and data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the transfer act (separation balance sheet) to the date of state registration of legal entities arising as a result of reorganization, for with the exception of public sector organizations (the date of the entry into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities of the entry on the termination of the activities of the affiliated legal entity).

8. The procedure for drawing up the accounting (financial) statements of a public sector organization that arose as a result of reorganization shall be established by the authorized federal body.

Article 17. Features of accounting (financial) statements upon liquidation of a legal entity

1. The reporting year for a liquidated legal entity is the period from January 1 of the year in which an entry on liquidation was made in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, until the date of making such an entry.

2. The latest accounting (financial) statements of the legal entity being liquidated shall be drawn up by the liquidation commission (liquidator) or by the arbitration manager, if the legal entity is liquidated as a result of its recognition as bankrupt.

3. The latest accounting (financial) statements are drawn up as of the date preceding the date of the entry on the liquidation of the legal entity into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

4. The latest accounting (financial) statements are drawn up on the basis of the approved liquidation balance sheet and data on the facts of economic life that took place in the period from the date of approval of the liquidation balance sheet to the date the entry on the liquidation of a legal entity was entered into the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.

Article 18. Mandatory copy of accounting (financial) statements

1. Economic entities obliged to draw up accounting (financial) statements, with the exception of public sector organizations and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, submit one obligatory copy of the annual accounting (financial) statements to the state statistics body at the place of state registration.

2. An obligatory copy of the prepared annual accounting (financial) statements shall be submitted no later than three months after the end of the reporting period. When submitting a mandatory copy of the compiled annual accounting (financial) statements, which are subject to mandatory audit, the auditor's report on it is submitted together with such statements or no later than 10 working days from the day following the date of the auditor's report, but no later than December 31 of the year following the reporting year.

3. Mandatory copies of accounting (financial) statements, together with audit reports, constitute a state information resource. Interested parties are provided with access to the specified state information resource, except for cases when, in the interests of preserving state secrets, such access should be limited.

4. The procedure for the submission of a mandatory copy of the accounting (financial) statements together with the auditor's report, as well as the rules for the use (including payment for use, unless otherwise provided by other federal laws) of the state information resource provided for in part 3 of this article, shall be approved by the federal executive body, carrying out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of state statistical activity.

Article 19. Internal control

1. An economic entity is obliged to organize and carry out internal control of the committed facts of economic life.

2. An economic entity whose accounting (financial) statements are subject to mandatory audit is obliged to organize and exercise internal control over accounting and preparation of accounting (financial) statements (except for cases when its head has assumed the responsibility for accounting).

Chapter 3. Accounting regulation

Article 20. Principles of accounting regulation

Accounting regulation is carried out in accordance with the following principles:

1) compliance of federal and industry standards with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and practice of accounting;

2) the unity of the system of requirements for accounting;

3) establishment of simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, for economic entities entitled to use such methods in accordance with this Federal Law;

4) the application of international standards as the basis for the development of federal and industry standards;

5) ensuring conditions for the uniform application of federal and industry standards;

6) the inadmissibility of combining powers to approve federal standards and state control (supervision) in the field of accounting.

Article 21. Documents in the field of accounting regulation

1. The documents in the field of accounting regulation include:

1) federal standards;

2) industry standards;

2.1) regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for by part 6 of this article;

(Clause 2.1 was introduced by the Federal Law of 18.07.2017 N 160-FZ)

4) standards of an economic entity.

2. Federal and industry standards are mandatory, unless otherwise specified by these standards.

3. Federal standards, regardless of the type of economic activity, establish:

1) definitions and signs of accounting objects, the procedure for their classification, the conditions for their acceptance for accounting and their write-off in accounting;

2) acceptable methods of monetary measurement of accounting objects;

3) the procedure for converting the value of accounting items, expressed in foreign currency, into the currency of the Russian Federation for accounting purposes;

4) requirements for accounting policies, including determining the conditions for changing them, inventory of assets and liabilities, accounting documents and document flow in accounting, including the types of electronic signatures used to sign accounting documents;

5) the chart of accounts of accounting and the procedure for its application, with the exception of charts of accounts for accounting for credit institutions and non-credit financial organizations and the procedure for their application;

6) the composition, content and procedure for the formation of information disclosed in the accounting (financial) statements, including samples of forms of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the composition of annexes to the balance sheet and the report on financial results and the composition of annexes to the balance sheet and the report on targeted use of funds;

7) the conditions under which the accounting (financial) statements give a reliable idea of ​​the financial position of an economic entity as of the reporting date, the financial result of its activities and cash flows for the reporting period;

8) the composition of the last and the first accounting (financial) statements during the reorganization of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and monetary measurement of objects in it;

9) the composition of the latest accounting (financial) statements upon liquidation of a legal entity, the procedure for its preparation and monetary measurement of objects in it;

10) simplified methods of accounting, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, for economic entities entitled to apply such methods in accordance with this Federal Law.

4. Federal standards may establish special requirements for accounting (including accounting policies, chart of accounts of accounting and the procedure for its application) of public sector organizations, as well as requirements for accounting for certain types of economic activity.

5. Industry standards establish the specifics of the application of federal standards in certain types of economic activity.

6. Charts of accounting accounts for credit institutions and non-credit financial organizations and the procedure for their application, the procedure for reflecting individual accounting objects on the accounts and grouping accounting accounts in accordance with the indicators of the accounting (financial) statements of credit institutions and non-credit financial organizations, forms disclosure of information in the accounting (financial) statements of credit institutions and non-credit financial organizations are established by regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

7. Recommendations in the field of accounting are accepted in order to correctly apply federal and industry standards, reduce the costs of organizing accounting, as well as disseminate best practices in organizing and maintaining accounting, the results of research and development in the field of accounting.

9. Recommendations in the field of accounting can be adopted in relation to the procedure for applying federal and industry standards, forms of accounting documents, with the exception of those established by federal and industry standards, organizational forms of accounting, organization of accounting services of economic entities, accounting technology, organization and the implementation of internal control over their activities and accounting, as well as the procedure for the development of standards by these persons.

11. The standards of an economic entity are designed to streamline the organization and conduct of its accounting.

12. The necessity and procedure for the development, approval, change and cancellation of the standards of an economic entity are established by this entity independently.

13. The standards of an economic entity are applied equally and equally by all divisions of an economic entity, including its branches and representative offices, regardless of their location.

14. An economic entity that has subsidiaries has the right to develop and approve its own standards, which are binding on such companies. The standards of the said entity, which are binding on the parent company and its subsidiaries, should not create obstacles for such companies to carry out their activities.

15. Federal and industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for in part 6 of this article must not contradict this Federal Law. Industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for in part 6 of this article must not contradict federal standards. Recommendations in the field of accounting, as well as the standards of an economic entity should not contradict federal, industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for in part 6 of this article.

16. Federal and industry standards, as well as the program for the development of federal standards, are approved by regulatory legal acts in the prescribed manner, taking into account the provisions of this Federal Law.

17. Documents for the organization and maintenance of accounting by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, including the chart of accounts of accounting and the procedure for its application, are approved in accordance with the procedure established by Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 10, 2002 "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank Russia) ".

Article 22. Subjects of accounting regulation

1. Bodies of state regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation are the authorized federal body and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

2. Regulation of accounting in the Russian Federation may also be carried out by self-regulatory organizations, including self-regulatory organizations of entrepreneurs, other users of accounting (financial) statements, auditors interested in taking part in the regulation of accounting, as well as their associations and unions and other non-profit organizations, pursuing the goals of the development of accounting (hereinafter - the subjects of non-state regulation of accounting).

Article 23. Functions of bodies of state regulation of accounting

1. The authorized federal body:

1) approves the program for the development of federal standards in the manner prescribed by this Federal Law;

2) approves federal standards and, within its competence, industry standards and generalizes the practice of their application;

3) organizes the examination of draft accounting standards;

4) approves the requirements for the design of draft accounting standards;

5) participates in the established manner in the development of international standards;

6) represents the Russian Federation in international organizations carrying out activities in the field of accounting and accounting (financial) reporting;

7) performs other functions provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws.

2. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation, within its competence:

1) develops, approves industry standards and regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for in part 6 of Article 21 of this Federal Law and summarizes the practice of applying these standards and regulations;

2) participates in the preparation and coordinates the program for the development of federal standards;

3) participates in the examination of draft federal standards;

4) participates jointly with the authorized federal body in the prescribed manner in the development of international standards;

5) performs other functions provided for by this Federal Law and other federal laws.

Article 24. Functions of the subject of non-state regulation of accounting

Subject of non-state accounting regulation:

1) develops drafts of federal standards, conducts a public discussion of these drafts and submits them to the authorized federal body;

2) participates in the preparation of a program for the development of federal standards;

3) participates in the examination of draft accounting standards;

4) ensures the compliance of the draft federal standard with the international standard, on the basis of which the draft federal standard was developed;

6) develops proposals for improving accounting standards;

7) participates in the development of international standards.

1. To conduct an examination of draft federal and industry standards, a council for accounting standards is created under the authorized federal body.

2. The Accounting Standards Board examines draft federal and industry standards for:

1) compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting;

2) compliance with the needs of users of accounting (financial) statements, as well as the level of development of science and practice of accounting;

3) ensuring the unity of the system of accounting requirements;

4) ensuring conditions for the uniform application of federal and industry standards.

5. The Accounting Standards Board consists of:

1) 10 representatives of subjects of non-state regulation of accounting and the scientific community, of which at least three members are subject to rotation once every three years;

2) five representatives of state accounting regulatory bodies.

6. The composition of the Accounting Standards Board is approved by the head of the authorized federal body. Proposals for candidates for members of the Accounting Standards Council, with the exception of representatives of the authorized federal body, are submitted to the authorized federal body by subjects of non-state accounting regulation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, scientific organizations and higher educational institutions.

7. Candidates for members of the Accounting Standards Board must have a university degree, an impeccable business (professional) reputation and professional experience in the field of finance, accounting or auditing.

8. The Chairman of the Accounting Standards Board is elected at the first meeting of the Board from representatives of the subjects of non-state accounting regulation that are part of it. The Chairman of the Accounting Standards Board has at least two deputies.

9. The Secretary of the Accounting Standards Board is a representative of the authorized federal body from among the Board members.

10. Meetings of the Accounting Standards Board are convened by its chairman, and in the absence of the chairman by an authorized deputy chairman as necessary, but at least once every three months. A meeting is considered competent if attended by at least two-thirds of the members of the Accounting Standards Board.

11. Decisions of the Accounting Standards Board are made by a simple majority of votes of the Board members attending its meeting.

12. Meetings of the Accounting Standards Board are public.

13. Information on the activities of the Accounting Standards Board should be open and publicly available.

14. The statute on the Accounting Standards Council is approved by the authorized federal body. The rules of procedure of the Accounting Standards Board are approved by this Board independently at the first meeting.

Article 26. Program for the development of federal standards

1. Federal standards are developed and approved in accordance with the federal standards development program.

2. Bodies of state regulation of accounting and subjects of non-state regulation of accounting shall submit proposals on the program for the development of federal standards to the authorized federal body.

3. The authorized federal body approves the program for the development of federal standards in agreement with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

4. The program for the development of federal standards should be updated annually in order to ensure that federal standards comply with the needs of users of accounting (financial) reporting to international standards, the level of development of science and practice of accounting.

5. The authorized federal body ensures the availability of the program for the development of federal standards to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, subjects of non-state regulation and other interested parties (hereinafter referred to as interested parties) for review.

6. The rules for the preparation and refinement of the program for the development of federal standards are approved by the authorized federal body.

Article 27. Development and approval of federal standards

1. The developer of the federal standard (hereinafter referred to as the developer) can be any subject of non-state regulation of accounting.

2. A notice of the development of a federal standard is sent by the developer to the authorized federal body and posted on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the "Internet").

3. Not later than 10 working days after the day of posting on the official website of the developer on the Internet, the notice of the development of the federal standard, the developer shall place it on his official website on the Internet. The draft federal standard posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet must be available for review without charging a fee. The developer is obliged, at the request of the interested person, to provide him with a copy of the draft federal standard on paper. The fee charged by the developer for the provision of the specified copy on paper may not exceed the cost of its production and shipping. No fee is charged for the provision of the said copy to the bodies of state regulation of accounting and subjects of non-state regulation of accounting.

4. From the day the draft federal standard is posted on the developer's official website on the Internet, the developer conducts a public discussion of the draft federal standard. The period for public discussion of a draft federal standard cannot be less than three months from the date of posting the said draft on the developer's official website on the Internet. The notice of the completion of the public discussion of the draft federal standard is sent by the developer to the authorized federal body and posted on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer on the Internet.

5. During the period of public discussion of the draft federal standard, the developer:

1) accepts written comments from interested parties. The developer cannot refuse to accept written comments;

2) conducts a discussion of the draft federal standard and the comments received in writing;

3) draws up a list of comments received in writing with a summary of the content of such comments and the results of their discussion;

4) finalizes the draft federal standard, taking into account the comments received in writing.

6. The developer is obliged to keep the comments received in writing until the approval of the federal standard and submit them to the authorized federal body upon his request.

7. The revised draft federal standard and the list of comments received in writing from interested parties are posted by the developer on its official website on the Internet no later than 10 working days from the date of posting on the official websites of the authorized federal body and the developer on the Internet about the completion public discussion of the draft federal standard. These documents, posted on the official website of the developer on the Internet, must be available for review free of charge.

9. The revised draft federal standard, together with a list of interested parties' comments received in writing, shall be submitted by the developer to the authorized federal body, which organizes the examination of this draft.

10. The Accounting Standards Board prepares, within two months from the date of submission by the developer of the draft federal standard, a reasoned proposal to accept such a draft for approval or to reject it on the basis of the documents specified in part 9 of this article and taking into account the results of the examination. Such a proposal, together with the documents specified in part 9 of this article and the results of the examination, shall be sent to the authorized federal body.

11. The authorized federal body, on the basis of documents submitted by the Accounting Standards Council, within a period of not more than one month, accepts the draft federal standard for approval or rejects it. The draft federal standard, accepted for approval, is prepared and approved by the authorized federal body in the prescribed manner.

12. The draft federal standard proposed by the Accounting Standards Board for adoption may be rejected if it does not comply with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

13. If the draft federal standard is rejected, the reasoned decision of the authorized federal body with the attachment of the documents specified in part 9 of this article is sent to the developer of the draft federal standard within 10 working days after the date of adoption of such a decision.

14. Amendments to the federal standard or its cancellation are carried out in the manner prescribed by this article. Changes to the federal standard due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation can be carried out at the initiative of the authorized federal body.

15. The examination of the draft industry standard is carried out by the Accounting Standards Council in the manner established for the examination of federal standards by parts 9-13 of this article.

Article 28. Development of federal standards by the authorized federal body

1. The authorized federal body develops federal standards:

1) for public sector organizations;

2) if not a single subject of non-state accounting regulation undertakes the obligation to develop a federal standard provided for by the approved program for the development of federal standards.

2. The development of a federal standard by the authorized federal body is carried out in the manner prescribed by Article 27 of this Federal Law.

Chapter 4. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 29. Storage of accounting documents

1. Primary accounting documents, accounting registers, accounting (financial) statements, audit reports on it are subject to storage by an economic entity for periods established in accordance with the rules for organizing state archives, but not less than five years after the reporting year.

2. Documents of accounting policy, standards of an economic entity, other documents related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, including the means to ensure the reproduction of electronic documents, as well as verification of the authenticity of electronic signatures, shall be kept by the economic entity for at least five years after a year, in which they were used for the preparation of accounting (financial) statements for the last time.

3. The economic entity must ensure safe storage conditions for accounting documents and their protection from changes.

4. When changing the head of the organization, the transfer of accounting documents of the organization must be ensured. The procedure for transferring accounting documents is determined by the organization independently.

Article 30. Features of the application of this Federal Law

1. Until the federal and sectoral standards provided for by this Federal Law are approved by the state accounting regulatory bodies, the rules of accounting and preparation of financial statements approved by the authorized federal executive bodies and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation before the date of entry into force of this Federal Law shall apply. Prior to the approval of federal and sectoral standards provided for by this Federal Law, the authorized federal executive body and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation shall have the right to make changes due to changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation in the rules of accounting and preparation of financial statements, approved by them before the date of entry into force of this Federal law.

1.1. The accounting regulations approved by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation in the period from October 1, 1998 to the date of entry into force of this Federal Law are recognized as federal standards for the purposes of this Federal Law. At the same time, with respect to these provisions, the requirement established by the second sentence of Part 15 of Article 21 of this Federal Law that industry standards and the regulations of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation provided for in Part 6 of Article 21 of this Federal Law should not contradict federal standards are not applied.

2. The provisions of Parts 4 and 6 of Article 7 of this Federal Law shall not apply to persons who, as of the date of entry into force of this Federal Law, are entrusted with maintaining accounting records.

3. The provisions of Part 2 of Article 15 of this Federal Law shall not apply when the type of state (municipal) institution is changed.

Article 31. On recognizing as invalid certain legislative acts (provisions of legislative acts) of the Russian Federation

Declare invalid:

1) Federal Law of November 21, 1996 N 129-FZ "On Accounting" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1996, N 48, Art. 5369);

2) Federal Law of July 23, 1998 N 123-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law" On Accounting "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1998, N 30, Art. 3619);

3) Federal Law of March 28, 2002 N 32-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to the Federal Law" On Accounting "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2002, N 13, Art. 1179);

4) Article 9 of the Federal Law of December 31, 2002 N 187-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and Some Other Acts of Legislation of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 1, Art. 2 );

5) Article 3 of the Federal Law of December 31, 2002 N 191-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to Chapters 22, 24, 25, 26.2, 26.3 and 27 of Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and some other acts of legislation of the Russian Federation" (Collection the legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 1, Art. 6);

6) clause 7 of Article 2 of the Federal Law of January 10, 2003 N 8-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to the Law of the Russian Federation" On Employment of the Population in the Russian Federation "and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Financing Measures to Promote Employment of the Population" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 2, Art. 160);

7) Article 23 of the Federal Law of June 30, 2003 N 86-FZ "On Amendments and Additions to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation, invalidation of certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation, provision of certain guarantees to employees of internal affairs bodies, bodies for control over turnover narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and the abolished federal bodies of the tax police in connection with the implementation of measures to improve public administration "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2003, N 27, Art. 2700);

8) Article 2 of the Federal Law of November 3, 2006 N 183-FZ "On Amendments to the Federal Law" On Agricultural Cooperation "and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, N 45, Art. 4635);

9) Article 32 of the Federal Law of November 23, 2009 N 261-FZ "On Energy Saving and on Increasing Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2009, N 48, Art. 5711);

10) Article 12 of the Federal Law of May 8, 2010 N 83-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of the Legal Status of State (Municipal) Institutions" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N 19, Art. 2291);

11) Federal Law of July 27, 2010 N 209-FZ "On Amendments to Article 16 of the Federal Law" On Accounting "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N 31, Art. 4178);

12) Article 4 of the Federal Law of September 28, 2010 N 243-FZ "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Adoption of the Federal Law" On the Skolkovo Innovation Center "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2010, N 40, Art. . 4969).

Article 32. Entry into force of this Federal Law

President of the Russian Federation D. Medvedev